基于ELK搭建MySQL日志平台的要点和常见错误

Posted 东山絮柳仔

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第一部分 概括

数据，让一切有迹可循，让一切有源可溯。ELK是集分布式数据存储、可视化查询和日志解析于一体的日志分析平台。ELK=elasticsearch+Logstash+kibana，三者各司其职，相互配合，共同完成日志的数据处理工作。ELK各组件的主要功能如下：

  • elasticsearch，数据存储以及全文检索；
  • logstash，日志加工、“搬运工”；
  • kibana：数据可视化展示和运维管理。

我们在搭建平台时，还借助了filebeat插件。Filebeat是本地文件的日志数据采集器，可监控日志目录或特定日志文件（tail file），并可将数据转发给Elasticsearch或Logstatsh等。

本案例的实践，主要通过ELK收集、管理、检索mysql实例的慢查询日志和错误日志。

简单的数据流程图如下：

第二部分 elasticsearch

2.1 ES特点和优势

  • 分布式实时文件存储，可将每一个字段存入索引，使其可以被检索到。
  • 实时分析的分布式搜索引擎。分布式：索引分拆成多个分片，每个分片可有零个或多个副本；负载再平衡和路由在大多数情况下自动完成。
  • 可以扩展到上百台服务器，处理PB级别的结构化或非结构化数据。也可以运行在单台PC上。
  • 支持插件机制，分词插件、同步插件、Hadoop插件、可视化插件等。

 2.2 ES主要概念

ES数据库 MySQL数据库
Index Database
Tpye[在7.0之后type为固定值_doc] Table
Document Row
Field Column
Mapping Schema
Everything is indexed Index
Query DSL[Descriptor structure language] SQL
 GET http://... Select * from table …
PUT http://... Update table set …
  • 关系型数据库中的数据库（DataBase），等价于ES中的索引（Index）;
  • 一个关系型数据库有N张表（Table），等价于1个索引Index下面有N多类型（Type）;
  • 一个数据库表（Table）下的数据由多行（ROW）多列（column，属性）组成，等价于1个Type由多个文档（Document）和多Field组成;
  • 在关系型数据库里，schema定义了表、每个表的字段，还有表和字段之间的关系。 与之对应的，在ES中：Mapping定义索引下的Type的字段处理规则，即索引如何建立、索引类型、是否保存原始索引JSON文档、是否压缩原始JSON文档、是否需要分词处理、如何进行分词处理等;
  • 关系型数据库中的增insert、删delete、改update、查search操作等价于ES中的增PUT/POST、删Delete、改_update、查GET.

2.3 执行权限问题

报错提示

[usernimei@testes01 bin]$ Exception in thread "main" org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapException: java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: /data/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.4.2/config/elasticsearch.keystore
Likely root cause: java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: /data/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.4.2/config/elasticsearch.keystore
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.translateToIOException(UnixException.java:90)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:111)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:116)
    at java.base/sun.nio.fs.UnixFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(UnixFileSystemProvider.java:219)
    at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:374)
    at java.base/java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:425)
    at org.apache.lucene.store.SimpleFSDirectory.openInput(SimpleFSDirectory.java:77)
    at org.elasticsearch.common.settings.KeyStoreWrapper.load(KeyStoreWrapper.java:219)
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.loadSecureSettings(Bootstrap.java:234)
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:305)
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:159)
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:150)
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:86)
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:125)
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90)
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:115)
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:92)
Refer to the log for complete error details

问题分析

第一次误用了root账号启动，此时路径下的elasticsearch.keystore 权限属于了root 

-rw-rw---- 1 root      root        199 Mar 24 17:36 elasticsearch.keystore

解决方案--切换到root用户修改文件elasticsearch.keystore权限

调整到es用户下，即

chown -R es用户:es用户组 elasticsearch.keystore

问题2.4 maximum shards open 问题

根据官方解释，从Elasticsearch v7.0.0 开始，集群中的每个节点默认限制 1000 个shard，如果你的es集群有3个数据节点，那么最多 3000 shards。这里我们是只有一台es。所以只有1000。

[2019-05-11T11:05:24,650][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Marking url as dead. Last error: [LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch::HttpClient::Pool::HostUnreachableError] Elasticsearch Unreachable: [http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/][Manticore::SocketTimeout] Read timed out {:url=>http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/, :error_message=>"Elasticsearch Unreachable: [http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/][Manticore::SocketTimeout] Read timed out", :error_class=>"LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch::HttpClient::Pool::HostUnreachableError"}
[2019-05-11T11:05:24,754][ERROR][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Attempted to send a bulk request to elasticsearch\' but Elasticsearch appears to be unreachable or down! {:error_message=>"Elasticsearch Unreachable: [http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/][Manticore::SocketTimeout] Read timed out", :class=>"LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch::HttpClient::Pool::HostUnreachableError", :will_retry_in_seconds=>2}
[2019-05-11T11:05:25,158][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Restored connection to ES instance {:url=>"http://qqelastic:xxxxxx@155.155.155.155:55944/"}
[2019-05-11T11:05:26,763][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch][main] Could not index event to Elasticsearch. {:status=>400, :action=>["index", {:_id=>nil, :_index=>"mysql-error-testqq-2019.05.11", :routing=>nil, :_type=>"_doc"}, #<LogStash::Event:0x65416fce>], :response=>{"index"=>{"_index"=>"mysql-error-qqweixin-2020.05.11", "_type"=>"_doc", "_id"=>nil, "status"=>400, "error"=>{"type"=>"validation_exception", "reason"=>"Validation Failed: 1: this action would add [2] total shards, but this cluster currently has [1000]/[1000] maximum shards open;"}}}}

可以用Kibana来设置

主要命令：

PUT /_cluster/settings
{
  "transient": {
    "cluster": {
      "max_shards_per_node":10000
    }
  }
}

操作截图如下：

注意事项：

建议设置后重启下lostash服务

问题 2.5 Too Many Requests/circuit_breaking_exception

随着ES存储数据的增多，在打开kibana执行查询时报错，提示信息如下：

{
    "statusCode":429,
    "error":"Too Many Requests",
    "message":"[circuit_breaking_exception] [parent] Data too large, data for [<http_request>] would be [987817048/942mb], which is larger than the limit of [986061209/940.3mb], real usage: [987817048/942mb], new bytes reserved: [0/0b], usages [request=0/0b, fielddata=966440/943.7kb, in_flight_requests=0/0b, accounting=47842100/45.6mb], with { bytes_wanted=987817048 & bytes_limit=986061209 & durability="PERMANENT" }"
}

寻找解决方案为在实例的config/jvm.options设置如下:

-Xms2g
-Xmx2g

#-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
-XX:+UseG1GC
-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
注释：-Xmx2g 修改前为 -Xms1g;-XX:+UseG1GC 为新增参数选项。
但是此时启动报错:
 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: starting java failed with [1]
output:
Error occurred during initialization of VM
Multiple garbage collectors selected
error:
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Option UseConcMarkSweepGC was deprecated in version 9.0 and will likely be removed in a future release.
        at org.elasticsearch.tools.launchers.JvmErgonomics.flagsFinal(JvmErgonomics.java:111)
        at org.elasticsearch.tools.launchers.JvmErgonomics.finalJvmOptions(JvmErgonomics.java:79)
        at org.elasticsearch.tools.launchers.JvmErgonomics.choose(JvmErgonomics.java:57)
        at org.elasticsearch.tools.launchers.JvmOptionsParser.main(JvmOptionsParser.java:89)

解决方案：

 去除新增的-XX:+UseG1GC设置。

最终的设置为:

################################################################

# Xms represents the initial size of total heap space
# Xmx represents the maximum size of total heap space

-Xms2g
-Xmx2g

################################################################
## Expert settings
################################################################
##
## All settings below this section are considered
## expert settings. Don\'t tamper with them unless
## you understand what you are doing
##
################################################################

## GC configuration
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly

## G1GC Configuration

 

第三部分 Filebeat

问题3.1  不读取log文件中的数据

2019-03-23T19:24:41.772+0800    INFO    [monitoring]    log/log.go:145    Non-zero metrics in the last 30s   
 {"monitoring": {"metrics": {"beat":{"cpu":{"system":{"ticks":30,"time":{"ms":2}},"total":{"ticks":80,"time":{"ms":4},"value":80},"user":{"ticks":50,"time":{"ms":2}}},"handles":{"limit":{"hard":1000000,"soft":1000000},"open":6},"info":{"ephemeral_id":"a4c61321-ad02-2c64-9624-49fe4356a4e9","uptime":{"ms":210031}},"memstats":{"gc_next":7265376,"memory_alloc":4652416,"memory_total":12084992},"runtime":{"goroutines":16}},"filebeat":{"harvester":{"open_files":0,"running":0}},"libbeat":{"config":{"module":{"running":0}},"pipeline":{"clients":0,"events":{"active":0}}},"registrar":{"states":{"current":0}},"system":{"load":{"1":0,"15":0.05,"5":0.01,"norm":{"1":0,"15":0.0125,"5":0.0025}}}}}}

 修改 filebeat.yml 的配置参数

 问题3.2  多个服务进程

2019-03-27T20:13:22.985+0800    ERROR    logstash/async.go:256    Failed to publish events caused by: write tcp [::1]:48338->[::1]:5044: write: connection reset by peer
2019-03-27T20:13:23.985+0800    INFO    [monitoring]    log/log.go:145    Non-zero metrics in the last 30s    {"monitoring": {"metrics": {"beat":{"cpu":{"system":{"ticks":130,"time":{"ms":11}},"total":{"ticks":280,"time":{"ms":20},"value":280},"user":{"ticks":150,"time":{"ms":9}}},"handles":{"limit":{"hard":65536,"soft":65536},"open":7},"info":{"ephemeral_id":"a02ed909-a7a0-49ee-aff9-5fdab26ecf70","uptime":{"ms":150065}},"memstats":{"gc_next":10532480,"memory_alloc":7439504,"memory_total":19313416,"rss":806912},"runtime":{"goroutines":27}},"filebeat":{"events":{"active":1,"added":1},"harvester":{"open_files":1,"running":1}},"libbeat":{"config":{"module":{"running":0}},"output":{"events":{"batches":1,"failed":1,"total":1},"write":{"errors":1}},"pipeline":{"clients":1,"events":{"active":1,"published":1,"total":1}}},"registrar":{"states":{"current":1}},"system":{"load":{"1":0.05,"15":0.11,"5":0.06,"norm":{"1":0.0063,"15":0.0138,"5":0.0075}}}}}}
2019-03-27T20:13:24.575+0800    ERROR    pipeline/output.go:121    Failed to publish events: write tcp [::1]:48338->[::1]:5044: write: connection reset by peer

原因是同时有多个logstash进程在运行，关闭重启

问题3.3  将Filebeat 配置成服务进行管理

filebeat 服务所在路径：

/etc/systemd/system

编辑filebeat.service文件

[Unit]
Description=filebeat.service
[Service]
User=root
ExecStart=/data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat -e -c /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

管理服务的相关命令

systemctl start filebeat              #启动filebeat服务
systemctl enable filebeat             #设置开机自启动
systemctl disable filebeat            #停止开机自启动
systemctl status filebeat             #查看服务当前状态
systemctl restart filebeat　          #重新启动服务
systemctl list-units --type=service        #查看所有已启动的服务

问题3.4  Filebeat 服务启动报错

 注意错误

Exiting: error loading config file: yaml: line 29: did not find expected key

主要问题是：filebeat.yml 文件中的格式有破坏，应特别注意修改和新增的地方，对照前后文，验证格式是否有变化。

问题 3.5 Linux 版本过低，无法以systemctl管理filebeat服务

此时我们可以以service来管理，在目录init.d下创建一个filebeat.service文件。主要脚本如下：

#!/bin/bash
agent="/data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat"
args="-e -c /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml"
start() {
    pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk \'{print $2}\'`
    if [ ! "$pid" ];then
        echo "Starting filebeat: "
       nohup  $agent $args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
        if [ $? == \'0\' ];then
            echo "start filebeat ok"
        else
            echo "start filebeat failed"
        fi
    else
        echo "filebeat is still running!"
        exit
    fi
}
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping filebeat: "
    pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk \'{print $2}\'`
    if [ ! "$pid" ];then
echo "filebeat is not running"
    else
        kill $pid
echo "stop filebeat ok"
    fi
}
restart()
 {
    stop
    start
}
status(){
    pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk \'{print $2}\'`
    if [ ! "$pid" ];then
        echo "filebeat is not running"
    else
        echo "filebeat is running"
    fi
}
case "$1" in
    start)
        start
    ;;
    stop)
        stop
    ;;
    restart)
        restart
    ;;
    status)
        status
    ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
        exit 1
esac

注意事项

1.文件授予执行权限

chmod 755 filebeat.service

2.设置开机自启动

chkconfig --add filebeat.service

上面的服务添加自启动时，会报错

 解决方案 在 service file的开头添加以下 两行

 即修改完善后的代码如下：

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig:   2345 10 80
# description:  filebeat is a tool for colletct log data

agent="/data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat"
args="-e -c /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml"
start() {
    pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk \'{print $2}\'`
    if [ ! "$pid" ];then
        echo "Starting filebeat: "
       nohup  $agent $args >/dev/null?2>&1 &
        if [ $? == \'0\' ];then
            echo "start filebeat ok"
        else
            echo "start filebeat failed"
        fi
    else
        echo "filebeat is still running!"
        exit
    fi
}
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping filebeat: "
    pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk \'{print $2}\'`
    if [ ! "$pid" ];then
echo "filebeat is not running"
    else
        kill $pid
echo "stop filebeat ok"
    fi
}
restart()
 {
    stop
    start
}
status(){
    pid=`ps -ef |grep /data/filebeat/filebeat-7.4.2-linux-x86_64/filebeat |grep -v grep |awk \'{print $2}\'`
    if [ ! "$pid" ];then
        echo "filebeat is not running"
    else
        echo "filebeat is running"
    fi
}
case "$1" in
    start)
        start
    ;;
    stop)
        stop
    ;;
    restart)
        restart
    ;;
    status)
        status
    ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
        exit 1
esac

第四部分 Logstash

问题 4.1 服务化配置

logstash最常见的运行方式即命令行运行./bin/logstash -f logstash.conf启动，结束命令是ctrl+c。这种方式的优点在于运行方便，缺点是不便于管理，同时如果遇到服务器重启，则维护成本会更高一些，如果在生产环境运行logstash推荐使用服务的方式。以服务的方式启动logstash，同时借助systemctl的特性实现开机自启动。

（1）安装目录下的config中的startup.options需要修改
修改主要项:
1.服务默认启动用户和用户组为logstash；可以修改为root；
2. LS_HOME 参数设置为 logstash的安装目录；例如：/data/logstash/logstash-7.6.0
3. LS_SETTINGS_DIR参数配置为含有logstash.yml的目录；例如：/data/logstash/logstash-7.6.0/config
4. LS_OPTS 参数项，添加 logstash.conf 指定项（-f参数）；例如：LS_OPTS="--path.settings ${LS_SETTINGS_DIR} -f /data/logstash/logstash-7.6.0/config/logstash.conf"

（2）以root身份执行logstash命令创建服务

 创建服务的命令

安装目录/bin/system-install

执行创建命令后，在/etc/systemd/system/目录中生成了logstash.service 文件

（3）logstash 服务的管理

设置服务自启动：systemctl enable logstash
启动服务：systemctl start logstash
停止服务：systemctl stop logstash
重启服务：systemctl restart logstash
查看服务状态：systemctl status logstash

问题 4.2 安装logstash服务需先安装jdk

报错提示如下：

 通过查看jave版本，验证是否已安装

 

上图说明没有安装。则将安装包下载（或上传）至本地，执行安装

执行安装命令如下：

yum localinstall jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm

 安装OK，执行验证

问题 4.3 Linux 版本过低，安装 logstash 服务失效

问题提示

 查看Linux系统版本

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