客户有套data guard环境，主库在阿里云上，备库在本地机房，现在想定期做备份，但是因为一些原因，备份阿里云上的主库实现会有些问题，所以只能备份本地的备库。目前需求就是测试备库的备份文件是否可以进行恢复，当误删除等操作之后，能否通过备份找回数据。以下为具体的测试：
1. 在data guard的备库进行完整+归档的备份
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel t1 type disk;
3> allocate channel t2 type disk;
4> allocate channel t3 type disk;
5> allocate channel t4 type disk;
6> backup as compressed backupset INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 FORMAT \'/u01/app/oracle/racdb_data_%T_%s\' database;
7> backup format \'/u01/app/oracle/racdb_arch_%T_%s\' skip inaccessible archivelog ALL not backed up;
8> backup format \'/u01/app/oracle/racdb_cont_%T_%s\' current controlfile;
9> release channel t1;
10> release channel t2;
11> release channel t3;
12> release channel t4;
13> }
2. 将文件拷贝到测试库上
[oracle@dg1 oracle]$ scp racdb_* 192.168.100.100:/u01/app/oracle/
oracle@192.168.100.100\'s password:
racdb_arch_20171018_24 100% 3646KB 3.6MB/s 00:00
racdb_arch_20171018_25 100% 30MB 30.1MB/s 00:01
racdb_arch_20171018_26 100% 2995KB 2.9MB/s 00:00
racdb_arch_20171018_27 100% 59MB 59.2MB/s 00:01
racdb_arch_20171018_28 100% 21MB 20.9MB/s 00:00
racdb_cont_20171018_29 100% 9856KB 9.6MB/s 00:00
racdb_data_20171018_19 100% 194MB 48.6MB/s 00:04
racdb_data_20171018_20 100% 77MB 77.0MB/s 00:01
racdb_data_20171018_21 100% 30MB 30.2MB/s 00:01
racdb_data_20171018_22 100% 1104KB 1.1MB/s 00:00
racdb_data_20171018_23 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00
3. 在主库上生成pfile文件，并拷贝到测试库上
SQL> create pfile=\'/home/oracle/pfileabbott\' from spfile;
File created.
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ scp pfileabbott 192.168.100.100:/home/oracle
oracle@192.168.100.100\'s password:
pfileabbott 100% 1375 1.3KB/s 00:00
4. 在测试库上修改参数文件
[oracle@Abbott ~]$ mv pfileabbott $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initabbott.ora
[oracle@Abbott ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@Abbott dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=abbott
[oracle@Abbott dbs]$ vi initabbott.ora
*.audit_file_dest=\'/u01/app/oracle/admin/abbott/adump\'
*.audit_trail=\'db\'
*.compatible=\'11.2.0.4.0\'
*.control_files=\'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/control01.ctl\',\'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/abbott/control02.ctl\'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=\'\'
*.db_name=\'abbott\'
*.db_recovery_file_dest=\'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area\'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest=\'/u01/app/oracle\'
*.dispatchers=\'(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=abbottXDB)\'
*.log_archive_dest_1=\'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog\'
*.log_archive_format=\'%t_%s_%r.arc\'
*.log_archive_max_processes=30
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=655360000
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile=\'EXCLUSIVE\'
*.sga_target=1967128576
*.standby_file_management=\'AUTO\'
*.undo_tablespace=\'UNDOTBS1\'
5. 测试库开启到nomount
[oracle@Abbott dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Oct 17 08:24:18 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1970864128 bytes
Fixed Size 2254544 bytes
Variable Size 520096048 bytes
Database Buffers 1442840576 bytes
Redo Buffers 5672960 bytes
SQL>
6. 恢复控制文件
[oracle@Abbott ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Oct 17 09:29:20 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ABBOTT (not mounted)
RMAN> restore controlfile from \'/u01/app/oracle/racdb_cont_20171018_29\';
Starting restore at 17-OCT-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/abbott/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 17-OCT-17
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
7. 恢复数据文件
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 17-OCT-17
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=150 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/racdb_data_20171018_21
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/racdb_data_20171018_21 tag=TAG20171018T153509
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/racdb_data_20171018_20
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/racdb_data_20171018_20 tag=TAG20171018T153509
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/racdb_data_20171018_19
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/racdb_data_20171018_19 tag=TAG20171018T153509
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 17-OCT-17
8. 恢复数据库
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 17-OCT-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=196
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/racdb_arch_20171018_28
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/racdb_arch_20171018_28 tag=TAG20171018T153550
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog1_196_953375126.arc thread=1 sequence=196
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=197
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 10/17/2017 09:33:30
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 197 and starting SCN of 1907246
9. 将数据库open
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
RMAN> quit
Recovery Manager complete.
10. 连接数据库后，无法创建表等，因为控制文件是standby controlfile，所以打开的模式为READ ONLY
[oracle@Abbott ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Oct 17 09:41:46 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create table t1(a int);
create table t1(a int)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-16000: database open for read-only access
SQL> select open_mode , database_role, flashback_on from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE FLASHBACK_ON
-------------------- ---------------- ------------------
READ ONLY PHYSICAL STANDBY NO
11. 尝试启用备库，因缺少standby log报错
SQL> alter database activate standby database;
alter database activate standby database
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00314: log 4 of thread 1, expected sequence# 197 doesn\'t match 0
ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 1: \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/std_log4.log\'
SQL> select * from v$standby_log;
select * from v$standby_log
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00339: archived log does not contain any redo
ORA-00334: archived log: \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/std_log4.log\'
12. 因此对缺少的log进行clear及drop（当然，这里也可以把standby redo拷贝过来，并进行open）
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 4;
alter database drop logfile group 4
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00314: log 4 of thread 1, expected sequence# 197 doesn\'t match 0
ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 1: \'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/abbott/std_log4.log\'
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 4;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 4;
Database altered.
13. 再次arctive备库，启动正常，并且open之后可读写
SQL> alter database activate standby database;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode , database_role, flashback_on from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE FLASHBACK_ON
-------------------- ---------------- ------------------
MOUNTED PRIMARY NO
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode , database_role, flashback_on from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE FLASHBACK_ON
-------------------- ---------------- ------------------
READ WRITE PRIMARY NO
SQL> create table t1(a int);
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 1
Current log sequence 1
SQL>