mysql5.7.24 gtid双主复制+atlas+keepalived
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一环境介绍：
系统：
centos7
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/hosts
10.0.0.6 pxc01
10.0.0.7 pxc02
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/hosts
10.0.0.6 pxc01
10.0.0.7 pxc02关闭selinux：
vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
getenforce
保证服务器时间同步：
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
*/5 * * * * ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com关闭防火墙：
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl stop iptables.service
systemctl status iptables.service关闭防火墙服务开机自启动：
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl disable iptables.service关闭mysql服务开机自启动：
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable mysql.service
mysql.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysql off二、环境部署说明
10.0.0.6 部署mysql5.7.24 gtid双主复制+atlas+keepalived
10.0.0.7 部署mysql5.7.24 gtid双主复制+atlas+keepalived
2.1MySQL安装：
mysql 版本：MySQL5.7.24
10.0.0.6 pxc01 操作：
**MySQL采用二进制安装以及安装过程如下：**
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
mkdir /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,logs,binlog} -p
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/mysql3306
tar xf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/mysql
mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf --initialize
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf &
**修改mysql密码：**
alter user user() identified by ‘654321‘;
10.0.0.7 pxc02 操作：
10.0.0.7 机器也按照上面的方式安装mysql
2.2、mysql的配置文件介绍：
10.0.0.6 pxc01 主配置文件如下：
下面的参数是必须打开的：
[[email protected] mysql3306]# egrep ‘server_id|gtid_mode|enforce_gtid_consistency|log_bin|binlog_format|log-slave-updates|skip_slave_start|auto-increment‘ /data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf
server_id =63306 # 0
binlog_format =row # row
log_bin =/data/mysql/mysql3306/binlog/mysql-bin # off
gtid_mode =on # off
enforce_gtid_consistency =on # off
skip_slave_start =1 #
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 110.0.0.7 master02 主配置文件如下：
下面的参数是必须打开的：
[[email protected] local]# egrep ‘server_id|gtid_mode|enforce_gtid_consistency|log_bin|binlog_format|log-slave-updates|skip_slave_start|auto-increment‘ /data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf
server_id =73306 # 0
binlog_format =row # row
log_bin =/data/mysql/mysql3306/binlog/mysql-bin # off
gtid_mode =on # off
enforce_gtid_consistency =on # off
skip_slave_start =1 #
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 22.3、配置主从复制
10.0.0.6 pxc01 上操作：
配置复制用户权限
grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘10.0.0.%‘ identified by ‘rep123321‘;flush privileges;
master02上chang master to 来配置从库：
change master to master_host=‘10.0.0.6‘,master_user=‘rep1‘,master_password=‘rep123321‘,master_auto_position=1;start slave ; show slave statusG++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
10.0.0.7 pxc02上操作：
配置复制用户权限
grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘10.0.0.%‘ identified by ‘rep123321‘;flush privileges;
master01上chang master to 来配置从库：
change master to master_host=‘10.0.0.7‘,master_user=‘rep2‘,master_password=‘rep123321‘,master_auto_position=1;start slave ; show slave statusG配置完成
2.4、安装atlas:
10.0.0.6 机器上安装atlas:
[[email protected] ~]# wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/2.2.1/Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y localinstall Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
或者 rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 登录10.0.0.6 机器上登录mysql创建用户，会自动同步到10.0.0.7上:
grant all on *.* to [email protected]‘10.0.0.%‘ identified by ‘558996‘;flush privileges;给用户密码加密：
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 558996
Otp11P90TDw=
[[email protected] ~]# 加密后的密码下入Atlas的配置文件中:
[[email protected] ~]# grep atlasuser /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mgrmul.cnf
pwds = atlasuser:Otp11P90TDw=
[[email protected] ~]# 设置允许客户端的ip连接Atlas：
[[email protected] ~]# grep client-ips /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mgrmul.cnf
client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1, 10.0.0.20, 10.0.0.6
#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置。
此处的10.0.0.20 为后面的演示的VIP10.0.0.6 atlas:配置文件内容如下：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mgrmul.cnf
[mysql-proxy]
#带#号的为非必需的配置项目
#管理接口的用户名
admin-username = zykjwtest
#管理接口的密码
admin-password = zykjwtest01
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.6:3306,10.0.0.7:3306
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.6:[email protected],10.0.0.7:3306
#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码，密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2为示例，将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码！
pwds = atlasuser:Otp11P90TDw=
#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时为守护进程方式，设为false时为前台方式，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
daemon = true
#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程，一个为monitor，一个为worker，monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启，设为false时只有worker，没有monitor，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
keepalive = true
#工作线程数，对Atlas的性能有很大影响，可根据情况适当设置
event-threads = 4
#日志级别，分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别
log-level = warning
#日志存放的路径
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
#SQL日志的开关，可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不记录SQL日志，ON代表记录SQL日志，REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘，默认为OFF
sql-log = REALTIME
#慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时，则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow（单位：ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。
#sql-log-slow = 10
#实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分
instance = mgrmul
#Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:52119
#Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:52118
#分表设置，此例中person为库名，mt为表名，id为分表字段，3为子表数量，可设置多项，以逗号分隔，若不分表则不需要设置该项
#tables = person.mt.id.3
#默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句
#charset = utf8
#允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP，可以是精确IP，也可以是IP段，以逗号分隔，若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接，否则只允许列表中的IP连接
client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1, 10.0.0.20, 10.0.0.6
#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置
#lvs-ips = 127.0.0.1, 10.0.0.20, 10.0.0.6Atlas启动和关闭:
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd mgrmul start
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd mgrmul stop
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd mgrmul status
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd mgrmul restart启动成功：
[[email protected] log]# ss -lntup|grep mysql-proxy
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:52118 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=10543,fd=9))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:52119 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=10543,fd=10))卸载掉atlas:
[[email protected] local]# rpm -qa|grep Atlas
Atlas-2.2.1-1.x86_64
[[email protected] local]# rpm -e --nodeps Atlas-2.2.1-1.x86_64
[[email protected] local]# rpm -qa|grep Atlas
[[email protected] local]#++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
10.0.0.7机器上安装atlas:
若果只是单独的在10.0.0.6 安装atlas 服务，避免不了单点故障，一旦10.0.0.6 上的atlas服务挂掉了，或者是10.0.0.6 机器挂掉了，整个业务都会中断。于是在10.0.0.7 上安装atlas服务并引入keepalived 来实现高可用
于是按照10.0.0.6 机器上安装atlas的步骤在10.0.0.7 机器安装atlas服务
按照上述过程在10.0.0.7 上执行一遍，安装atlas服务，并开启。
配置文件说明：
设置允许客户端的ip连接Atlas：
[[email protected] ~]# grep client-ips /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mgrmul.cnf
client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1, 10.0.0.20, 10.0.0.7
#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置10.0.0.6 的配置文件和10.0.0.7的配置文件只有此处IP不一样，需要修改为本地IP，其余都是一样的参数
2.4、测试演示atlas：
+++++++++++++++++++在10.0.0.6 上测试+++++++++++++++++
登录后端的mysql server：
[[email protected] log]# mysql -uatlasuser -p‘558996‘ -h10.0.0.6 -P52119
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2009-2018 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
([email protected]‘mgr01‘:52119)[(none)]>show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| test01 |
| test02 |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)写入测试数据演示：
use test01;
CREATE TABLE `test01` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`titles` char(15) NOT NULL,
`icon` smallint(6) unsigned DEFAULT ‘0‘,
`integral` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
`isdefault` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
`create_time` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `integral` (`integral`)
) ENGINE=Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into test01.test01 values(1,‘列兵‘,1,0,1,now());查看sql日志：
[[email protected] log]# tailf /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log/sql_mgrmul.log
[03/02/2019 18:56:51] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 26.275 "select @@version_comment limit 1"
[03/02/2019 18:56:51] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 21.822 "select USER()"
[03/02/2019 18:57:00] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 6.994 "select @@port"
[03/02/2019 18:57:04] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 2.230 "select @@port"
[03/02/2019 18:57:18] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 3.958 "select @@hostname"
[03/02/2019 18:57:20] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 0.937 "select @@hostname"
[03/02/2019 18:57:22] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 3.855 "select @@hostname"
[03/02/2019 19:02:08] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 2.456 "SELECT DATABASE()"
[03/02/2019 19:02:08] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 0.807 "show databases"
[03/02/2019 19:02:08] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 86.643 "show tables"
[03/02/2019 19:02:10] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 377.687 "CREATE TABLE `test01` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`titles` char(15) NOT NULL,
`icon` smallint(6) unsigned DEFAULT ‘0‘,
`integral` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
`isdefault` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
`create_time` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `integral` (`integral`)
) ENGINE=Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8"
[03/02/2019 19:02:18] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 425.538 "insert into test01.test01 values(1,‘列兵‘,1,0,1,now())"
[03/02/2019 19:02:36] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 2.272 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 19:02:39] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 2.337 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 19:02:55] C:10.0.0.6:58637 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 70.055 "select * from test01.test01"读写分离成功
登录atlas的管理端：
[[email protected] log]# mysql -uzykjwtest -pzykjwtest01 -h127.0.0.1 -P52118查看atlas的操作命令：
([email protected]‘mgr01‘:52118)[(none)]>SELECT * FROM help;
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| command | description |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help | shows this help |
| SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state |
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx‘s id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id | online backend server, ... |
| ADD MASTER $backend | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| ADD SLAVE $backend | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ... |
| SELECT * FROM clients | lists the clients |
| ADD CLIENT $client | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| REMOVE CLIENT $client | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| SELECT * FROM pwds | lists the pwds |
| ADD PWD $pwd | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ... |
| ADD ENPWD $pwd | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ... |
| REMOVE PWD $pwd | example: "remove pwd user", ... |
| SAVE CONFIG | save the backends to config file |
| SELECT VERSION | display the version of Atlas |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看当前节点mysql在线状态和读写状态：
([email protected]‘mgr01‘:52118)[(none)]>SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+---------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+---------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.6:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.7:3306 | up | rw |
| 3 | 10.0.0.6:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.7:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+---------------+-------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)++++++++++++++++++++++++在10.0.0.7 上测试++++++++++++++++++++++++++
按照10.0.0.6 机器上安装atlas的步骤在10.0.0.7 机器安装atlas服务
并且启动atlas
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd mgrmul start
OK: MySQL-Proxy of mgrmul is started
[[email protected] conf]#
[[email protected] conf]#
[[email protected] conf]# ps -ef|grep mysql-proxy
root 9761 1 0 19:35 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mgrmul.cnf
root 9762 9761 43 19:35 ? 00:00:03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mgrmul.cnf
root 9770 7701 0 19:35 pts/3 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql-proxy
[[email protected] conf]# ss -lntup|grep mysql-proxy
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:52118 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=9762,fd=9))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:52119 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=9762,fd=10))
[[email protected] conf]# 测试10.0.0.7 上的atlas服务，经测试可以正常写入和查询
[[email protected] conf]# mysql -uatlasuser -p‘558996‘ -h10.0.0.7 -P52119
([email protected]‘mgr02‘:52119)[(none)]>insert into test01.test01 values(3,‘排长‘,3,2000,1,now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
([email protected]‘mgr02‘:52119)[(none)]>select * from test01.test01;
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| id | titles | icon | integral | isdefault | create_time |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 列兵 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:02:17 |
| 2 | 班长 | 2 | 1000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:26:01 |
| 3 | 排长 | 3 | 2000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:42:35 |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)但是在10.0.0.7 测试登录atlas 服务的管理端，提示错误：
[[email protected] conf]# mysql -uzykjwtest -pzykjwtest01 -h127.0.0.1 -P52118
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1105 (07000): use ‘SELECT * FROM help‘ to see the supported commands**暂时未找到是什么原因，
但是经测试，在单独的另外一台机器10.0.0.131上开启Atlas服务，通过它访问后端的10.0.0.6 和10.0.0.7数据库，测可以正常的登录atlas 服务的管理端
[[email protected] conf]# mysql -uzykjwtest -p‘zykjwtest01‘ -h10.0.0.131 -P52118
([email protected]:52118)[(none)]>select * from test01;
ERROR 1105 (07000): use ‘SELECT * FROM help‘ to see the supported commands
([email protected]:52118)[(none)]>SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+---------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+---------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.6:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.7:3306 | up | rw |
| 3 | 10.0.0.6:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.7:3306 | down | ro |
+-------------+---------------+-------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)而且可以正常的写入数据：
[[email protected] conf]# mysql -uatlasuser -p‘558996‘ -h10.0.0.131 -P52119
([email protected]:52119)[(none)]>use test02;
Database changed
([email protected]:52119)[test02]>show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
([email protected]:52119)[test02]>CREATE TABLE `test01` (
-> `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `titles` char(15) NOT NULL,
-> `icon` smallint(6) unsigned DEFAULT ‘0‘,
-> `integral` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
-> `isdefault` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
-> `create_time` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `integral` (`integral`)
-> ) ENGINE=Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.51 sec)
([email protected]:52119)[test02]>insert into test02.test01 values(1,‘列兵‘,1,0,1,now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
([email protected]:52119)[test02]>select * from test01;
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| id | titles | icon | integral | isdefault | create_time |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 列兵 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2019-03-03 01:30:18 |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)上面的问题8成是和10.0.0.7 本地虚拟机的环境问题有关系，但是没找到是什么问题导致的
2.5、安装keepalived
10.0.0.6 上安装操作：
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.4.0.tar.gz
tar xf keepalived-1.4.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/keepalived-1.4.0/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived-1.4.0/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
find / -name "keepalived"
cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
cp /usr/local/keepalived-1.4.0/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
which keepalived
cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.ori
systemctl disable keepalived.service
systemctl status keepalived.service
/etc/init.d/keepalived status
/etc/init.d/keepalived start10.0.0.6 keepalived.conf主配置文件：
####参考文档：
https://blog.51cto.com/13581826/2109449
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000014484218
[[email protected] keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_01
}
vrrp_script chk_atlas {
script "lsof -i:52118 | grep mysql-pro || exit 1" ###此处意思是假如atlas的端口52118 存在，则keep的vip在本地，如果atlas的端口52118不 存在，则vip漂移到10.0.0.7 机器上
interval 2 ###此处也可以写成lsof -i:52118 | grep mysql-pro || pkill keepalived，表示atlas挂掉了，则kill掉本地的keepalived服务
fail 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 51
#mcast_src_ip 10.0.0.6
priority 120
advert_int 1
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_atlas
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.20
}
}启动keepalived服务：
[[email protected] log]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived (via systemctl): [ OK ]
[[email protected] log]# 确认启动成功已经绑定VIP10.0.0.20
[[email protected] log]# /etc/init.d/keepalived status
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-03-02 19:59:32 CST; 16s ago
Process: 10941 ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10942 (keepalived)
CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
├─10942 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
├─10943 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
└─10944 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
Mar 02 19:59:43 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:43 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:43 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:43 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
[[email protected] log]# ip a|grep 10.0.0.20
inet 10.0.0.20/32 scope global eno16777736
[[email protected] log]# 确认是否可以通过atlas 连接后端的mysql server：
[[email protected] log]# mysql -uatlasuser -p‘558996‘ -h10.0.0.20 -P52119
([email protected]‘mgr01‘:52119)[(none)]>insert into test01.test01 values(4,‘连长‘,4,3000,1,now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
([email protected]‘mgr01‘:52119)[(none)]>select * from test01.test01;
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| id | titles | icon | integral | isdefault | create_time |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 列兵 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:02:17 |
| 2 | 班长 | 2 | 1000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:26:01 |
| 3 | 排长 | 3 | 2000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:42:35 |
| 4 | 连长 | 4 | 3000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 20:08:06 |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)查看sql日志确认是可以登录mysql 库写入和查询数据的：
3/02/2019 20:07:16] C:10.0.0.20:52938 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 17.113 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 20:08:06] C:10.0.0.20:52938 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 56.423 "insert into test01.test01 values(4,‘连长‘,4,3000,1,now())"
[03/02/2019 20:08:08] C:10.0.0.20:52938 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 1.751 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 20:08:09] C:10.0.0.20:52938 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 18.499 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 20:08:10] C:10.0.0.20:52938 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 1.911 "select * from test01.test01"
10.0.0.7 上安装keepalived服务：
同样的方式在10.0.0.7 机器上部署keepalived 并启动
注意：此时的keepalived的配置文件参数priority 的优先级要比10.0.0.6 上的小，同时10.0.0.6和10.0.0.7 上的 “state BACKUP” 都要设置成费抢占模式BACKUP。
原因如下：
两个节点的模式最好都为BACKUP模式，避免因为网络延迟，超过心跳检查时间，发生脑裂情况相互抢占MASTER导致写入相同数据引发的冲突
启动10.0.0.7 keepalived服务：
[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived (via systemctl): [ OK ]
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[[email protected] conf]#
[[email protected] conf]# ps -ef|grep keep
root 9977 1 1 20:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
root 9978 9977 0 20:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
root 9979 9977 1 20:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
root 9993 7701 0 20:11 pts/3 00:00:00 grep --color=auto keep
[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/keepalived status
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-03-02 20:11:19 CST; 15s ago
Process: 9976 ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9977 (keepalived)
CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
├─9977 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
├─9978 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
└─9979 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: WARNING - default user ‘keepalived_script‘ for script execution does not exist - please create.
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: WARNING - script `lsof` resolved by path search to `/usr/sbin/lsof`. Please specify full path.
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Now in FAULT state
Mar 02 20:11:19 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: VRRP_Script(chk_atlas) succeeded
Mar 02 20:11:20 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
[[email protected] conf]# 由于10.0.0.6 上的主库keepalived 的优先级高于10.0.0.7，所以VIP被=绑定到了10.0.0.6 网卡上
三、故障模拟演示
关掉10.0.0.6 上的atlas服务测试：
10.0.0.6 机器上查看keepalived 的状态 此时keepalived已经被pkill keepalived
[[email protected] keepalived]# /etc/init.d/keepalived status
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 19:59:48 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:29 pxc01 Keepalived[10942]: Stopping
Mar 02 20:16:29 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: VRRP_Script(chk_atlas) failed (due to signal 15)
Mar 02 20:16:29 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sent 0 priority
Mar 02 20:16:29 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Mar 02 20:16:30 pxc01 Keepalived_vrrp[10944]: Stopped
Mar 02 20:16:30 pxc01 Keepalived[10942]: Stopped Keepalived v1.4.0 (12/29,2017)
[[email protected] keepalived]# 10.0.0.7 机器上查看keepalived 的状态 VIP已经绑定了：
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived status
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-03-02 20:11:19 CST; 11min ago
Process: 9976 ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9977 (keepalived)
CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
├─9977 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
├─9978 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
└─9979 /usr/local/sbin/keepalived -D
Mar 02 20:16:30 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:30 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:30 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:30 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:35 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:35 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:35 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:35 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:35 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
Mar 02 20:16:35 pxc02 Keepalived_vrrp[9979]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 10.0.0.20
[[email protected] ~]# 10.0.0.7 机器上通过atlas登录mysql server ：
[[email protected] conf]# mysql -uatlasuser -p‘558996‘ -h10.0.0.20 -P52119
([email protected]‘mgr02‘:52119)[(none)]>insert into test01.test01 values(5,‘营长‘,5,4000,1,now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
([email protected]‘mgr02‘:52119)[(none)]>select * from test01.test01;
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| id | titles | icon | integral | isdefault | create_time |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 列兵 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:02:17 |
| 2 | 班长 | 2 | 1000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:26:01 |
| 3 | 排长 | 3 | 2000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:42:35 |
| 4 | 连长 | 4 | 3000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 20:08:06 |
| 5 | 营长 | 5 | 4000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 20:20:43 |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)查看10.0.0.7 atlas的sql 日志，正常提供读写分离工作：
[03/02/2019 20:19:31] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 25.475 "SET SQL_SAFE_UPDATES=1,SQL_SELECT_LIMIT=1000,MAX_JOIN_SIZE=1000000"
[03/02/2019 20:19:31] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 34.604 "select @@version_comment limit 1"
[03/02/2019 20:19:31] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 0.245 "select USER()"
[03/02/2019 20:19:36] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 23.035 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 20:20:43] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 60.000 "insert into test01.test01 values(5,‘营长‘,5,4000,1,now())"
[03/02/2019 20:20:45] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 3.905 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 20:20:47] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 3.395 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 20:20:55] C:10.0.0.20:35793 S:10.0.0.6:3306 OK 2.126 "select * from test01.test01"+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
关掉10.0.0.6 上的mysql服务测试：
centos7的系统上安装mysql client的方式
yum install -y mariadb.x86_64 mariadb-libs.x86_64
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uatlasuser -p‘558996‘ -h10.0.0.20 -P52119
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
([email protected]‘mgr02‘:52119)[(none)]>insert into test01.test01 values(6,‘团长‘,6,5000,1,now());
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec)
([email protected]‘mgr02‘:52119)[(none)]>select * from test01.test01;
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| id | titles | icon | integral | isdefault | create_time |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 列兵 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:02:17 |
| 2 | 班长 | 2 | 1000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:26:01 |
| 3 | 排长 | 3 | 2000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 19:42:35 |
| 4 | 连长 | 4 | 3000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 20:08:06 |
| 5 | 营长 | 5 | 4000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 20:20:43 |
| 6 | 团长 | 6 | 5000 | 1 | 2019-03-02 21:05:40 |
+----+--------+------+----------+-----------+---------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)查看10.0.0.7 atlas的sql 日志：
可以正常提供写和读
[03/02/2019 21:03:14] C:10.0.0.20:36004 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 0.464 "SET SQL_SAFE_UPDATES=1,SQL_SELECT_LIMIT=1000,MAX_JOIN_SIZE=1000000"
[03/02/2019 21:03:14] C:10.0.0.20:36004 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 0.322 "select @@version_comment limit 1"
[03/02/2019 21:03:14] C:10.0.0.20:36004 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 0.245 "select USER()"
[03/02/2019 21:03:51] C:10.0.0.20:36004 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 0.572 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 21:05:40] C:10.0.0.20:36004 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 141.829 "insert into test01.test01 values(6,‘团长‘,6,5000,1,now())"
[03/02/2019 21:05:43] C:10.0.0.20:36004 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 0.723 "select * from test01.test01"
[03/02/2019 21:05:44] C:10.0.0.20:36004 S:10.0.0.7:3306 OK 3.542 "select * from test01.test01"
此时只能是10.0.0.7 一个节点提供读和写了四、关此数据库架构的总结
4.1在配置双主互从过程中需要注意什么？
①keepalived+mysql双主一般来说，主要应用中小型规模数据库。master节点发生故障后，利用keepalived的VIP机制实现快速切换备用节点
②在keepalived部署配置文件中，两个节点的模式最好都为BACKUP模式，或者建议keepalived不要开机自启动。主要是避免因为网络延迟，超过心跳检查时间，发生脑裂情况相互抢占MASTER导致写入相同数据引发的冲突
③两个节点的auto_increment_incremenet(自增步长)和auto_increment_offset(自增起始点)设为不同值。目的为了避免master意外宕机，可能会有部分binlog未能及时复制到slave上被应用，从而导致slave新写入数据的自增值和原先的master冲突，从offset起始点开始就错开了，避免了主键id的冲突，当然，如有合适的容错机制解决冲突话，也可以不这么设置4.2如果遇到主从延迟怎么解决？
①首先需要通过show slave statusG中 Seconds_Behind_Master观察主从之间延迟的状态，但是仅仅依靠这个参考值不是准确的。
②slave节点服务器硬件配置不能与master节点相差太大，会大大导致复制的延迟
③由于mysql5.7版本引入了多线程复制的参数和并行复制参数，可以很大程度降低复制延迟。可以在slave库上开启这些参数，网络延迟导致复制延迟可以得到很好的解决。同时考虑更换mariadb分支版本，也是一种解决延迟复制的方式 mysql> show global variables like ‘slave_paralle%‘;
Variable_name Value
slave_parallel_type DATABASE
slave_parallel_workers 0
slave_parallel_workers：默认为0，表示为单线程
slave_parallel_type：默认多线程机制为一个线程处理一个DATABASE
mysql> set global slave_parallel_workers=4; #修改为四个线程操作
mysql> set global slave_parallel_type=‘logical_clock‘; #修改为并行复制④调整master节点服务器DDL速度还有就是主库是写，对数据安全性较高，比如sync_binlog=1，innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 1 之类的设置，而slave则不需要这么高的数据安全，完全可以讲sync_binlog设置为0或者关闭binlog，innodb_flushlog也可以设置为0来提高sql的执行效率。另外就是使用比主库更好的硬件设备作为slave 4.3、MySQL双主环境那些mysql函数是不建议使用的
生产上使用mysql双主的话，注意不要使用mysql自身的触发器，外键等特殊函数，同时也不建议使用mysql的存储过程。如果采用这些功能出问题了，没有专职DBA的维护能力，还是建议由程序代码上来实现这些功能。
但是挂掉的10.0.0.6 如何重新加入到双主集群，以及注意事项，请期待下次测试
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