MySQL外键的三种关系

Posted 2021-02-09 NachoLau

一对多

create table press(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20)
);

create table book(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20),
    press_id int not null,
         constraint fk_book_press foreign key(press_id) references press(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade
);

# 先往被关联表中插入记录
insert into press(name) values
(‘北京工业地雷出版社‘),
(‘人民音乐不好听出版社‘),
(‘知识产权没有用出版社‘)
;

# 再往关联表中插入记录
insert into book(name,press_id) values
(‘九阳神功‘,1),
(‘九阴真经‘,2),
(‘九阴白骨爪‘,2),
(‘独孤九剑‘,3),
(‘降龙十巴掌‘,2),
(‘葵花宝典‘,3)
;

查询结果：
mysql> select * from book;
+----+-----------------+----------+
| id | name            | press_id |
+----+-----------------+----------+
|  1 | 九阳神功        |        1 |
|  2 | 九阴真经        |        2 |
|  3 | 九阴白骨爪      |        2 |
|  4 | 独孤九剑        |        3 |
|  5 | 降龙十巴掌      |        2 |
|  6 | 葵花宝典        |        3 |
+----+-----------------+----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from press;
+----+--------------------------------+
| id | name                           |
+----+--------------------------------+
|  1 | 北京工业地雷出版社             |
|  2 | 人民音乐不好听出版社           |
|  3 | 知识产权没有用出版社           |
+----+--------------------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

多对多

# 创建被关联表author表，之前的book表在多对一的关系已创建
create table author(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20)
);
#这张表就存放了author表和book表的关系，即查询二者的关系查这表就可以了
create table author2book(
    id int not null unique auto_increment,
    author_id int not null,
    book_id int not null,
    constraint fk_author foreign key(author_id) references author(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade,
    constraint fk_book foreign key(book_id) references book(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade,
    primary key(author_id,book_id)
);
#插入四个作者，id依次排开
insert into author(name) values(‘qwe‘),(‘asd‘),(‘zxc‘),(‘wer‘);

# 每个作者的代表作
qwe: 九阳神功、九阴真经、九阴白骨爪、独孤九剑、降龙十巴掌、葵花宝典
asd: 九阳神功、葵花宝典
zxc:独孤九剑、降龙十巴掌、葵花宝典
wer:九阳神功

# 在author2book表中插入相应的数据

insert into author2book(author_id,book_id) values
(1,1),
(1,2),
(1,3),
(1,4),
(1,5),
(1,6),
(2,1),
(2,6),
(3,4),
(3,5),
(3,6),
(4,1)
;
# 现在就可以查author2book对应的作者和书的关系了
mysql> select * from author2book;
+----+-----------+---------+
| id | author_id | book_id |
+----+-----------+---------+
|  1 |         1 |       1 |
|  2 |         1 |       2 |
|  3 |         1 |       3 |
|  4 |         1 |       4 |
|  5 |         1 |       5 |
|  6 |         1 |       6 |
|  7 |         2 |       1 |
|  8 |         2 |       6 |
|  9 |         3 |       4 |
| 10 |         3 |       5 |
| 11 |         3 |       6 |
| 12 |         4 |       1 |
+----+-----------+---------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

一对一

#例如： 一个用户只能注册一个博客

#两张表： 用户表 （user）和 博客表(blog)
# 创建用户表
create table user(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(20)
);
# 创建博客表
create table blog(
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    url varchar(100),
    user_id int unique,
    constraint fk_user foreign key(user_id) references user(id)
    on delete cascade
    on update cascade
);
#插入用户表中的记录
insert into user(name) values
(‘qwe‘),
(‘asd‘),
(‘zxc‘),
(‘ert‘)
;
# 插入博客表的记录
insert into blog(url,user_id) values
(‘http://www.cnblog/qwe‘,1),
(‘http://www.cnblog/asd‘,2),
(‘http://www.cnblog/zxc‘,3),
(‘http://www.cnblog/ert‘,4)
;
# 查询wusir的博客地址
select url from blog where user_id=2;