Centos7.5 安装oracle11g

Posted 2021-02-04

一、安装环境

主机名：slave.com
OS： centos7.5
软件版本：Oracle 11.2.0.4
CPU: 1个
内存： 8G
swap： 16G
/u01 : 20G
/data: 50G
/backup: 50G
安装方式：CentOS 7为Gnome

二、安装rpm包
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.164-2.el6 (x86_64)
pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1 (x86_64)

三、数据库安装

1. 编辑文件/etc/hosts添加主机名及IP地址

   [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/hosts
   193.192.168.4.185 slave.com
   2.创建用户和组
   [[email protected] ~]# groupadd -g 500 oinstall
   [[email protected] ~]# groupadd -g 501 dba
   [[email protected] ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -u 500 oracle
   [[email protected] ~]# passwd oracle
   Changing password for user oracle.
   New password:
   Retype new password:
   passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

2. 创建目录
   [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
   [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/oradata
   [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /backup/{expdbbackup,rmanbackup,onlinelog,archivelog,backupsh}
   [[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
   [[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data
   [[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /backup

3. 扩大tmpfs
   oracle 11g引入了memory_target参数，memory_target 和 /dev/shm（即tmpfs）有紧密联系，tmpfs的大小制约了memory_target的使用范围
   1) 查看tmpfs大小(tmpfs默认的大小是物理内存的一半)
   [[email protected] ~]# df -h
   Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 1.2G 49G 3% /
   devtmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /dev
   tmpfs 18G 0 18G 0% /dev/shm
   tmpfs 5.8G 8.7M 5.8G 1% /run
   tmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
   /dev/sda1 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot
   tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
   /dev/mapper/centos-u01 20G 45M 19G 1% /u01
   /dev/mapper/centos-data 50G 53M 47G 1% /data
   /dev/mapper/centos-backup 50G 53M 47G 1% /backup

2) 编辑/etc/fstab
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=18432M 0 0

3) 重新挂载
[[email protected] ~]# mount -o remount /dev/shm

5.修改内核参数
1) 编辑/etc/sysctl.conf添加以下内容
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
#oracle
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 8388608
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
#end
2) 执行sysctl -p命令使文件生效
[[email protected] ~]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 8388608
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

6. 修改系统资源限制
   1) 编辑/etc/security/limits.conf添加以下内容
   [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
   #oracle
   oracle soft nproc 2047
   oracle hard nproc 16384
   oracle soft nofile 1024
   oracle hard nofile 65536
   #end
   2) 编辑文件/etc/pam.d/login添加以下内容
   [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
   #Oracle
   session required pam_limits.so
   #end
   3) 编辑/etc/profile文件添加以下内容
   [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile
   #oracle
   if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
   ulimit -p 16384
   ulimit -n 65536
   else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
   umask 022
   fi
   #end
7. 设置环境变量
   1) 在oracle用户下编辑文件.bash_profile添加以下内容
   [[email protected] ~]# su - oracle
   [[email protected] ~]$ vim .bash_profile
   ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
   ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
   ORACLE_SID=oa
   PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
   export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

2) 执行source .bash_profile命令使环境变量生效
[[email protected] ~]$ source .bash_profile

8. 关闭Linux安全增强
   1) 编辑/etc/selinux/config修改SELINUX=disabled

2）执行setenforce 0不重启操作系统临时关闭selinux模式
[[email protected] ~]$ setenforce 0

9.安装oracle
1) 上传安装文件
[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/oracle/
[[email protected] oracle]# ls
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

2) 解压
[[email protected] oracle]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[[email protected] oracle]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[[email protected] oracle]# ls
database p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
3) 使用Xshell远程登录执行runInstaller开始安装
[[email protected] ~]# export DISPLAY=192.168.4.56:0.0
[[email protected] ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Fri Jan 18 19:24:18 CST 2019 on pts/1
[[email protected] ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.4.56:0.0
4）测试结果
[[email protected] ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
Last login: Fri Jan 18 19:30:13 CST 2019 on pts/0

[[email protected] ~]$ cd database/
[[email protected] database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 44343 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-01-18_07-43-51PM. Please wait ...[[email protected] da
tabase]$

4) 启动安装界面

5) 取消 I wish to receive security updates via my Oracle Support.勾选，点击下一步

6) 此报错可以忽略，点击Yes,并点击下一步

7) 选择Skip software updates，点击下一步

8) 选择Create and configure a database，点击下一步

9) 选择Server Class，点击下一步

10) 选择Single instance database installation，点击下一步

11) 选择Advanced install，点击下一步

12) 选择语言English，点击下一步

13) 选择Enterprise Edition，点击下一步

14) 选择Oracle Base、Software Location路径，点击下一步

15) 选择Inventory Directory，点击下一步

16) 选择General Purpose/Transaction Processing，点击下一步

17) 设置Global database name、Oracle Service Identifier，Global database name和Oracle Service Identifier保持一致，点击下一步

18) 设置Memory,选择Enable Automatic Memory Management

19) 设置Character sets,选择Use Unicode(AL32UTF8)

20) 设置Security,保持默认选项

21) 设置Sample Schemas,保持默认选项，点击下一步

22) 保持默认选项，点击下一步

23) 保持默认选项，点击下一步

24) 保持默认选项，点击下一步

25) 选择Use the same password for all accounts,设置密码（密码需参考密码管理规范），点击下一步

26) Database Operator(OSOPER) Group(Optional)选择oinstall，点击下一步

27) 安装程序进行配置检查

28) 配置检查通过，点击Install

39) 开始安装

30) 报错

解决办法：
[[email protected] database]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk

Search for the line
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
Change it to:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
31) 创建数据库

32) 创建数据库完成，点击Password Management修改sys,system用户密码，并确定OK。

33）提示使用root用户执行两个shell脚本

34) 执行shell脚本
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific roo

35) 单击OK，安装完成。