sql行列转换

Posted 2021-02-04 工作在浏览器上人-YangBobin

一、sql行转列：PIVOT

1、基本语法：

create table #table1
    (    id int ,code varchar(10) , name varchar(20) );
go

insert into #table1 ( id,code, name ) values ( 1, \'m1\',\'a\' ), ( 2,  \'m2\',null ), ( 3, \'m3\', \'c\' ), ( 4,  \'m2\',\'d\' ), ( 5,  \'m1\',\'c\' );
go

select * from #table1;

--方法一（推荐）
select PVT.code, PVT.a, PVT.b, PVT.c

      from #table1 pivot(count(id) for name in(a, b, c)) as PVT;

--方法二
with P as (select * from #table1)
select PVT.code, PVT.a, PVT.b, PVT.c 

     from P        pivot(count(id) for name in(a, b, c)) as PVT;
drop table #table1;

结果：

2、实例：

3、传统方式：（先汇总拼接出所需列的字符串，再动态执行转列）

先查询出要转为列的行数据，再拼接字符串。

create table #table1
    (    id int ,code varchar(10) , name varchar(20) );
go

insert into #table1 ( id,code, name ) values ( 1, \'m1\',\'a\' ), ( 2,  \'m2\',null ), ( 3, \'m3\', \'c\' ), ( 4,  \'m2\',\'d\' ), ( 5,  \'m1\',\'c\' );
go

select * from #table1;


declare @strCN nvarchar(100);
select @strCN = isnull(@strCN + \',\', \'\') + quotename(name) from #table1 group by name ;
print  @strCN  --‘[a],[c],[d]’
declare @SqlStr nvarchar(1000);

set @SqlStr = N\'
select * from #table1 pivot ( count(ID) for name in (\' + @strCN + N\') ) as PVT\';
exec ( @SqlStr );

drop table #table1;

结果：

二、sql列转行：unPIVOT：

基本语法：

create table #table1 (id int,
code varchar(10),
name1 varchar(20),
name2 varchar(20),
name3 varchar(20));
go
insert into #table1(id, name1, name2, code, name3)
values(1, \'m1\', \'a1\', \'a2\', \'a3\'),
    (2, \'m2\', \'b1\', \'b2\', \'b3\'),
    (4, \'m1\', \'c1\', \'c2\', \'c3\');
go
select * from #table1;

--方法一
select PVT.id, PVT.code, PVT.name, PVT.val 

            from #table1 unpivot(val for name in(name1, name2, name3)) as PVT;
--方法二
with P as (select * from #table1)
select PVT.id, PVT.code, PVT.name, PVT.val 

            from P       unpivot(val for name in(name1, name2, name3)) as PVT;

drop table #table1;

结果：

实例：