MySQL双主+Keepalived高可用
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一 基础环境
主机名
|
系统版本
|
MySQL版本
|
主机IP
|
Master01
|
CentOS 6.8
|
MySQL 5.6
|
172.24.8.10
|
Master02
|
CentOS 6.8
|
MySQL 5.6
|
172.24.8.11
|
VIP
|
172.24.8.12
|
二 实际部署
2.1 安装MySQL
1 [root@Master01 ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql #查看是否存在其他MySQL组件 2 [root@Master01 ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64 #为避免冲突引发报错,卸载已存在的组件
1 [root@Master01 study]# yum localinstall mysql-commu* -y 2 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld #查看MySQL是否加入启动项 3 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
2.2 初始化MySQL
1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld start 2 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql_secure_installation 3 [root@Master01 ~]# service iptables stop 4 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off 5 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux 6 SELINUX=disabled
注意:以上操作在Master02主机上也需要执行。
安装参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/007sx/p/7083143.html
2.3 master01 my.cf配置
1 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 2 [mysqld] 3 …… 4 server-id=1 #设置主服务器master的id 5 log-bin=mysql-bin #配置二进制变更日志命名格式 6 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% 7 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% 8 replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
注意:
master开启二进制日志后默认记录所有库所有表的操作,可以通过配置来指定只记录指定的数据库甚至指定的表的操作,具体在mysql配置文件的[mysqld]可添加修改如下选项:
方法一:
1 # 不同步哪些数据库 2 binlog-ignore-db = mysql 3 binlog-ignore-db = test 4 binlog-ignore-db = information_schema 5 # 只同步哪些数据库,除此之外,其他不同步 6 binlog-do-db = mysqltest
方法二:
建议采用以下方式配置过滤:
1 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% #从库配置不同步表 2 replicate-wild-do-table=test.% #从库配置需要同步的表
提示:不要在主库使用binlog-ignore-db和binlog-do-db,也不要在从库使用replicate-wild-ignore和replicate-wild-do-table。
2.4 创建账号
1 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 2 Enter password: 3 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to \'repl_user\'@\'172.24.8.11\' identified by \'x12345678\'; 4 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to \'root\'@\'172.24.8.%\' identified by \'x120952576\' with grant option; 5 mysql> flush privileges; 6 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld restart 7 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 8 Enter password: 9 mysql> show master status;
master01:
file:mysql-bin.000001
position:120
2.5 smaster02 my.cf配置配置
1 [root@Master02 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 2 [mysqld] 3 server-id=2 #设置主服务器master的id 4 log-bin=mysql-bin #配置二进制变更日志命名格式 5 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% 6 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% 7 replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.% 8 read_only=1
2.6 创建账号
1 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 2 Enter password: 3 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to \'repl_user\'@\'172.24.8.10\' identified by \'x12345678\'; 4 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to \'root\'@\'172.24.8.%\' identified by \'x120952576\' with grant option; 5 mysql> flush privileges; 6 [root@Master02 ~]# service mysqld restart 7 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 8 Enter password: 9 mysql> show master status;
master02:
file:mysql-bin.000001
position:120
三 启动主从
3.1 手动同步
如果Master01和Master02已经存在数据,则在开启主备复制之前,需要将Master01和Master02手动同步一次(/var/lib/mysql整个目录打包tar.gz),具体方法略。
注意:本实验都是重新安装的MySQL,可直接启动同步。
3.2 启动Master01的slave功能
1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld restart 2 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 3 Enter password: 4 mysql> change master to master_host=\'172.24.8.11\', 5 master_user=\'repl_user\', 6 master_password=\'x12345678\', 7 master_log_file=\'mysql-bin.000001\', 8 master_port=3306, 9 master_log_pos=120; 10 mysql> start slave; 11 mysql> show slave status\\G #查看slave状态
3.3 启动Master02的slave功能
1 [root@Master02 ~]# service mysqld restart 2 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 3 Enter password: 4 mysql> change master to master_host=\'172.24.8.10\', 5 master_user=\'repl_user\', 6 master_password=\'x12345678\', 7 master_log_file=\'mysql-bin.000001\', 8 master_log_pos=120; 9 mysql> start slave; 10 mysql> show slave status\\G #查看slave状态
提示:
slave的I/O和SQL线程都已经开始运行,而且Seconds_Behind_Master不再是NULL。日志的位置增加了,意味着一些事件被获取并执行了。如果你在master上进行修改,你可以在slave上看到各种日志文件的位置的变化,同样,你也可以看到数据库中数据的变化。
四 安装Keepalived
4.1 下载
1 [root@Master01 ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz 2 [root@Master01 ~]# tar -zvxf keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz -C /tmp/ 3 [root@Master01 ~]# cd /tmp/keepalived-1.3.6 4 [root@Master01 keepalived-1.3.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived/ --sysconf=/etc --with-init=SYSV 5 #注:(upstart|systemd|SYSV|SUSE|openrc) #根据你的系统选择对应的启动方式 6 [root@Master01 keepalived-1.3.6]# make && make install 7 [root@Master01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin 8 [root@Master01 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/keepalived 9 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --add keepalived 10 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on
注意:Master02上也需要如上操作。
若出现以下提示,需要执行:yum -y install openssl-devel。
提示:也可采用yum install -y keepalived安装(个人不建议)。
4.2 Master01配置Keepalived
默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件。
1 [root@Master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 2 ! Configuration File for keepalived 3 global_defs { 4 notification_email { 5 x120952576@126.com 6 #表示keepalived在发生诸如切换操作时发送Email给哪些地址,邮件地址可以多个,每行一个。 7 } 8 notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc 9 smtp_server 172.24.8.10 10 smtp_connect_timeout 30 11 router_id LVS_DEVEL 12 } 13 vrrp_instance VI_1 { 14 state BACKUP 15 interface eth0 16 virtual_router_id 51 17 #这里设置VRID,这里非常重要,相同的VRID为一个组,他将决定多播的MAC地址 18 priority 100 19 advert_int 1 20 nopreempt 21 #不抢占,只在优先级高的机器上设置即可,优先级低的机器不设置 22 authentication { 23 auth_type PASS 24 auth_pass 1111 25 } 26 track_script { 27 check_mysqld #执行定义的监控脚本 28 } 29 virtual_ipaddress { 30 172.24.8.12 31 } 32 } 33 vrrp_script check_mysqld { 34 script"/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh " 35 interval 2 36 }
4.3 创建检测脚本
1 [root@Master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/ 2 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh 3 #!/bin/bash 4 MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql 5 MYSQL_HOST=localhost 6 MYSQL_USER=root 7 MYSQL_PASSWORD=x120952576 8 CHECK_TIME=3 9 #mysql is workingMYSQL_OK is 1 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 0 10 MYSQL_OK=1 11 function check_mysql_helth (){ 12 $MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1 13 if [ $? = 0 ] ;then 14 MYSQL_OK=1 15 else 16 MYSQL_OK=0 17 fi 18 return $MYSQL_OK 19 } 20 while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ] 21 do 22 let "CHECK_TIME -= 1" 23 check_mysql_helth 24 if [ $MYSQL_OK = 1 ] ; then 25 CHECK_TIME=0 26 exit 0 27 fi 28 if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 0 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 0 ] 29 then 30 /etc/init.d/keepalived stop 31 exit 1 32 fi 33 sleep 1 34 done 35 [root@Master01 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh 36 [root@Master01 ~]# service keepalived start
4.4 Master02配置Keepalived
1 [root@Master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root@127.24.8.11:/etc/keepalived/
参考Master01配置,去掉nopreempt选项,priority设置比Master01低即可。
4.5 创建检测脚本
1 [root@Master02 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/ 2 [root@Master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh root@172.24.8.11:/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/ 3 [root@Master02 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh 4 [root@Master02 ~]# service keepalived start
五 功能测试
5.1 测试vip
1 [root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -h172.24.8.12 -p
1 mysql> show variables like "%hostname%"; 2 mysql> show variables like "%server_id%";
5.2 同步测试
1 [root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -p 2 Enter password: 3 mysql> create database mysqltest; 4 mysql> use mysqltest; 5 mysql> create table user(id int(5),name char(10)); 6 mysql> insert into user values (00001,\'zhangsan\'); 7 在Slave从服务器上进行验证: 8 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 9 Enter password: 10 mysql> show databases; 11 mysql> select * from mysqltest.user;
5.3 测试Keepalived切换
1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld stop #停止Master01的MySQL 2 [root@Master01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages #观察Master01的日志
1 [root@Master02 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages #观察Master02的日志
1 [root@Client ~]# mysql -uroot -h172.24.8.12 -px120952576 #客户端连接VIP
注意:已经成功切换,在切换过程中可能中断几秒。
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