MySQL-SQL基础-子查询

Posted 2021-02-02 裸奔的小鸵鸟

#子查询-某些情况下，当进行查询的时候，需要的条件是另外一个select语句的结果，这个时候就要用到子查询。用于子查询的关键字主要包括：
in、not in、=、!=、exists、not exists等等。
#从emp表中查询出所有部门在dept表中的所有记录

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+----------+
| deptno | deptname |
+--------+----------+
|      1 | tech     |
|      2 | sale     |
|      3 | hr       |
|      4 | sl       |
+--------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+
| ename | birth      | hirdate    | sal     | deptno | age1 |
+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+
| zzx1  | 2000-01-01 | 2000-01-01 | 2000.00 |      1 |   21 |
| zzx1  | 2002-03-09 | 2009-04-03 | 2001.00 |      3 |   22 |
| ttx2  | 2023-04-10 | 2010-03-04 | 4000.00 |      4 |   23 |
| ssss  | 2019-01-01 | 2018-01-01 | 5000.00 |      2 |   24 |
+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where deptno in(select deptno from dept);
+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+
| ename | birth      | hirdate    | sal     | deptno | age1 |
+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+
| zzx1  | 2000-01-01 | 2000-01-01 | 2000.00 |      1 |   21 |
| ssss  | 2019-01-01 | 2018-01-01 | 5000.00 |      2 |   24 |
| zzx1  | 2002-03-09 | 2009-04-03 | 2001.00 |      3 |   22 |
| ttx2  | 2023-04-10 | 2010-03-04 | 4000.00 |      4 |   23 |
+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

#如果子查询记录数唯一，还可以用=代替in

mysql> select * from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept limit 1);

+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+

| ename | birth      | hirdate    | sal     | deptno | age1 |

+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+

| zzx1  | 2000-01-01 | 2000-01-01 | 2000.00 |      1 |   21 |

+-------+------------+------------+---------+--------+------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)