spark-sql的进阶案例

Posted 2021-02-02

（1）骨灰级案例--UDTF求wordcount

数据格式：

每一行都是字符串并且以空格分开。
代码实现：

object SparkSqlTest {
    def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
        //屏蔽多余的日志
        Logger.getLogger("org.apache.hadoop").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        Logger.getLogger("org.apache.spark").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        Logger.getLogger("org.project-spark").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        //构建编程入口
        val conf: SparkConf = new SparkConf()
        conf.setAppName("SparkSqlTest")
            .setMaster("local[2]")

        val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
            .enableHiveSupport()
            .getOrCreate()

        //创建sqlcontext对象
        val sqlContext: SQLContext = spark.sqlContext
        val wordDF: DataFrame = sqlContext.read.text("C:\z_data\test_data\ip.txt").toDF("line")
        wordDF.createTempView("lines")
        val sql=
            """
              |select t1.word,count(1) counts
              |from (
              |select explode(split(line,‘\s+‘)) word
              |from lines) t1
              |group by t1.word
              |order by counts
            """.stripMargin
        spark.sql(sql).show()
    }
}

结果：

（2）窗口函数求topN

数据格式：

取每门课程中成绩最好的前三
代码实现：

object SparkSqlTest {
    def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
        //屏蔽多余的日志
        Logger.getLogger("org.apache.hadoop").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        Logger.getLogger("org.apache.spark").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        Logger.getLogger("org.project-spark").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        //构建编程入口
        val conf: SparkConf = new SparkConf()
        conf.setAppName("SparkSqlTest")
            .setMaster("local[2]")

        val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
            .enableHiveSupport()
            .getOrCreate()

        //创建sqlcontext对象
        val sqlContext: SQLContext = spark.sqlContext
        val topnDF: DataFrame = sqlContext.read.json("C:\z_data\test_data\score.json")
        topnDF.createTempView("student")
        val sql=
            """select
              |t1.course course,
              |t1.name name,
              |t1.score score
              |from (
              |select
              |course,
              |name,
              |score,
              |row_number() over(partition by course order by score desc ) top
              |from student) t1 where t1.top<=3
            """.stripMargin
        spark.sql(sql).show()
    }
}

结果：

（3）SparkSQL去处理DataSkew数据倾斜的问题

思路： (使用两阶段的聚合)
 - 找到发生数据倾斜的key
 - 对发生倾斜的数据的key进行拆分
 - 做局部聚合
 - 去后缀
 - 全局聚合
以上面的wordcount为例，找出相应的数据量比较大的单词
代码实现：

object SparkSqlTest {
    def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
        //屏蔽多余的日志
        Logger.getLogger("org.apache.hadoop").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        Logger.getLogger("org.apache.spark").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        Logger.getLogger("org.project-spark").setLevel(Level.WARN)
        //构建编程入口
        val conf: SparkConf = new SparkConf()
        conf.setAppName("SparkSqlTest")
            .setMaster("local[2]")

        val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
            .enableHiveSupport()
            .getOrCreate()
        //创建sqlcontext对象
        val sqlContext: SQLContext = spark.sqlContext
        //注册UDF
        sqlContext.udf.register[String,String,Integer]("add_prefix",add_prefix)
        sqlContext.udf.register[String,String]("remove_prefix",remove_prefix)
        //创建sparkContext对象
        val sc: SparkContext = spark.sparkContext
        val lineRDD: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("C:\z_data\test_data\ip.txt")
        //找出数据倾斜的单词
        val wordsRDD: RDD[String] = lineRDD.flatMap(line => {
            line.split("\s+")
        })
        val sampleRDD: RDD[String] = wordsRDD.sample(false,0.2)
        val sortRDD: RDD[(String, Int)] = sampleRDD.map(word=>(word,1)).reduceByKey(_+_).sortBy(kv=>kv._2,false)
        val hot_word = sortRDD.take(1)(0)._1
        val bs: Broadcast[String] = sc.broadcast(hot_word)

        import spark.implicits._
        //将数据倾斜的key打标签
        val lineDF: DataFrame = sqlContext.read.text("C:\z_data\test_data\ip.txt")
        val wordDF: Dataset[String] = lineDF.flatMap(row => {
            row.getAs[String](0).split("\s+")
        })
        //有数据倾斜的word
        val hotDS: Dataset[String] = wordDF.filter(row => {
            val hot_word = bs.value
            row.equals(hot_word)
        })
        val hotDF: DataFrame = hotDS.toDF("word")
        hotDF.createTempView("hot_table")
        //没有数据倾斜的word
        val norDS: Dataset[String] = wordDF.filter(row => {
            val hot_word = bs.value
            !row.equals(hot_word)
        })
        val norDF: DataFrame = norDS.toDF("word")
        norDF.createTempView("nor_table")
        var sql=
            """
              |(select
              |t3.word,
              |sum(t3.counts) counts
              |from (select
              |remove_prefix(t2.newword) word,
              |t2.counts
              |from (select
              |t1.newword newword,
              |count(1) counts
              |from
              |(select
              |add_prefix(word,3) newword
              |from hot_table) t1
              |group by t1.newword) t2) t3
              |group by t3.word)
              |union
              |(select
              | word,
              | count(1) counts
              |from nor_table
              |group by word)
            """.stripMargin
        spark.sql(sql).show()

    }
    //自定义UDF加前缀
    def add_prefix(word:String,range:Integer): String ={
        val random=new Random()
        random.nextInt(range)+"_"+word
    }
    //自定义UDF去除后缀
    def remove_prefix(word:String): String ={
        word.substring(word.indexOf("_")+1)
    }
}

结果：