在数据库的日常维护工作中,除了保证业务的正常运行以外,就是要对数据库进行备份,以免造成数据库的丢失,从而给企业带来重大经济损失。通常备份可以按照备份时数据库状态分为热备和冷备,按照备份数据库文件的大小分为增量备份、差异备份和全量备份.一种全量备份的方法,来实现定时备份数据到mysql脚本文件,并且支持过期删除。
1、新建shell脚本
vi /opt/mysqlBackup.sh #!/bin/bash # 以下配置信息请自己修改 mysql_user="USER" #MySQL备份用户 mysql_password="PASSWORD" #MySQL备份用户的密码 mysql_host="localhost" mysql_port="3306" mysql_charset="utf8" #MySQL编码 backup_db_arr=("db1" "db2") #要备份的数据库名称,多个用空格分开隔开 如("db1" "db2" "db3") backup_location=/opt/mysql #备份数据存放位置,末尾请不要带"/",此项可以保持默认,程序会自动创建文件夹 expire_backup_delete="ON" #是否开启过期备份删除 ON为开启 OFF为关闭 expire_days=3 #过期时间天数 默认为三天,此项只有在expire_backup_delete开启时有效 # 本行开始以下不需要修改 backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` #定义备份详细时间 backup_Ymd=`date +%Y-%m-%d` #定义备份目录中的年月日时间 backup_3ago=`date -d ‘3 days ago‘ +%Y-%m-%d` #3天之前的日期 backup_dir=$backup_location/$backup_Ymd #备份文件夹全路径 welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" #欢迎语 # 判断MYSQL是否启动,mysql没有启动则备份退出 mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l` mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l` if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!" exit else echo $welcome_msg fi # 连接到mysql数据库,无法连接则备份退出 mysql -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password <<end use mysql; select host,user from user where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘; exit end flag=`echo $?` if [ $flag != "0" ]; then echo "ERROR:Can‘t connect mysql server! backup stop!" exit else echo "MySQL connect ok! Please wait......" # 判断有没有定义备份的数据库,如果定义则开始备份,否则退出备份 if [ "$backup_db_arr" != "" ];then #dbnames=$(cut -d ‘,‘ -f1-5 $backup_database) #echo "arr is (${backup_db_arr[@]})" for dbname in ${backup_db_arr[@]} do echo "database $dbname backup start..." `mkdir -p $backup_dir` `mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $dbname --default-character-set=$mysql_charset | gzip > $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz` flag=`echo $?` if [ $flag == "0" ];then echo "database $dbname success backup to $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz" else echo "database $dbname backup fail!" fi done else echo "ERROR:No database to backup! backup stop" exit fi # 如果开启了删除过期备份,则进行删除操作 if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a "$backup_location" != "" ];then #`find $backup_location/ -type d -o -type f -ctime +$expire_days -exec rm -rf {} ;` `find $backup_location/ -type d -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf` echo "Expired backup data delete complete!" fi echo "All database backup success! Thank you!" exit fi
2、修改shell脚本属性,赋予执行权限
chmod 600 /opt/mysqlBackup.sh
chmod +x /opt/mysqlBackup.sh
3、定时执行脚本
vi /etc/crontab
添加
00 03 * * * /root/mysqlBackup.sh
分 时
vi /var/spool/mail/root 可查看脚本执行日志
4、MySQL恢复
mysql -u username -p databse < backup.sql
用户名 数据库名 备份sql