mysql增删改查

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                                 mysql增删改查

show databses;   #查看数据库
select database();  #查看当前数据库
use mysql;    #进入数据库
show create database p1807;  #查看数据库字符集类型
 
desc xxxx;  #查看表类型
select * from students;   #查看表的内容
show create table students;  #查看创建的表
show tables;  #查看所有表
 
select * from students where age in (12,18,34);
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) order by high desc, age desc;
select sum(age)/count(*) from students; 
select round(avg(age), 2) from students; 
 

计算人数

select count(*) as ‘男性‘ from students where gender=1;
select gender, count(*) from students group by gender; 
select gender, count(*) from students where gender=1 group by gender; 
 

拼接

select concat(id,‘ ‘,name,‘ ‘,age) from students;    
select gender, group_concat(name,age," ",id) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
select gender, group_concat(name), avg(age) from students group by gender having avg(age)>30;
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having count(*)>4;
 

分页

select * from students limit 2;
select * from students limit 0, 2;
select * from students where gender=2 order by high asc limit 0, 2;
 
 

创建(表,库)

 
create database test05; 创建数据库
create database `p-1807`;  特殊字符用``
create database p1807 charset utf8;默认字符类型为utf8
 
 

--创建students表 (id, name, age, high, gender, cls_id)

create table students (
id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(20),
age tinyint unsigned default 0,
high decimal(5,2),
gender enum(‘男‘, ‘女‘, ‘中性‘, ‘保密‘) default ‘保密‘,
cls_id int unsigned
);
 
create table xxxx(id int, name varchar(20));
create table yyyy(id int primary key not null auto_increment, name varchar(30));
 
 

--创建classes表(id, name)

create table classes(
id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(20)
);
 

增(添加数据)

insert into yyyy values (1,‘老铁‘); #1表示id往表里面添加数据
insert into yyyy values (0,‘老铁‘); #0表示自增
 
insert into students values(0,‘金星‘,18, 188.88, ‘中性‘, 0);
 
insert into students values (0, ‘小乔‘, 20, ‘女‘, 1, ‘1990-01-01‘)
insert into students values (null, ‘蔡文姬‘, 20, ‘女‘, 1, ‘1990-01-01‘)
insert into students values (default, ‘科比‘, 20, ‘1‘, 1, ‘1990-01-01‘)
insert into students values (default, ‘ 康师傅‘, 20, ‘3‘, 1, ‘1990-01-01‘)
insert into students(name, gender) values (‘大乔‘, 2),(‘貂蝉‘, 2);
 

改(列表名,类型)

                     表名               列名       类型 
alter table students add birthday datetime;  在表里添加列表
 
(modify 和chang 都是修改 用哪个根据个人喜好
修改列表名或类型
alter table students modify birthday date; 
alter table students change birthday birth date default ‘2000-01-01‘;
update students set  age=15 where id=8;  修改某列某行数据
alter database students default character set=uft8; 修改数据库默认字符集类型
 

删(行,列,库)

delete from students where id=15;  删除某行
alter table students drop high;  删除列
drop database test03; 删除数据库
 

-- 逻辑删除

 
-- 用一条字段来表示 这条信息是否已经不能在使用了
-- 给students表添加一个is_delete字段 bit 类型
-- alter table students add is_delete bit default 0;
-- update students set is_delete=1 where id=6;
 
alter table students add is_delete bit default 0;
select * from students where is_delete=0;
 
bit(1)=1,0
bit(2)=(0,0,),(0,1),(1,0),(1,1)
 

-- 数据库的备份与恢复(shell下运行)

备份

mysqldump -uroot -proot --databases testdb > testdb.sql  
mysqldump -uroot -proot --all-databases > all_databases.sql  备份所有库
mysqldump -uroot -proot testdb students > students.sql  备份表
 

恢复

source testdb.sql
 

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