MYsql主主+keepalived高可用

Posted 2021-01-19 Linux

tags:

篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了MYsql主主+keepalived高可用相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

mysql安装

1. 下载mysql安装包

官方下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

2. 将安装包上传到指定位置

#mkdir /opt/mysql

#cd /opt/mysql

#ls

3. 解压安装包

4. 卸载SUSE自带的mariadb

用rpm -e卸载即可

5. 安装mysql-server服务

只需安装如下4个软件包，使用rpm -ivh 安装即可（需要按顺序安装，因为后面的服务依赖于前面的服务）

顺序：

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.sles12.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.sles12.x86_64.rpm（报错）

yast2

安装部分依赖

rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.sles12.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.sles12.x86_64.rpm

即完成安装。

6. 初始化数据库

#mysqld --initialize

注：初始化后会在/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log中生成随机密码

7. 修改mysql数据库目录的属主属组，启动mysql数据库

#chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R

启动：

#systemctl start mysqld.service

查看mysql状态

#systemctl status mysqld.service

8. 登录mysql并修改root用户的密码（这是系统强制要求的，否则不能启动mysql）

(1) 登录的初始密码在/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log中，先查看初始密码：

#grep \'temporary password\' /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log

如

注1：初始密码一般会很复杂，复制比较稳妥；且一般会有特殊符号，会导致密码不对登录失败，两种方法可以解决：

方法1：

根据提示填写密码。

方法2：

添加单引号。

注2：查看初始密码，SUSE系统在/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log中

但是RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS, and Fedora 平台，在/var/log/mysqld.log中。

(2) 进入mysql以后，修改密码

9. 修改访问权限

修改访问权限可以让任何主机通过用户root 和密码123456连接到mysql数据库。

#mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO \'root\'@\'%\' IDENTIFIED BY \'123456\' WITH GRANT OPTION;

三、mysql主主同步

10. 修改两台服务器配置文件

修改主服务器配置文件，增加如下

#vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=1

log-bin=mysql-bin

log-slave-updates

binlog-ignore-db = mysql

binlog-ignore-db = information_schema

binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema

replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%

replicate-wild-ignore-table = information_schema.%

replicate-wild-ignore-table = performance_schema.%

expire_logs_days=5

修改从服务器配置文件，增加如下

#vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=2

log-bin=mysql-bin

log-slave-updates

binlog-ignore-db = mysql

binlog-ignore-db = information_schema

binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema

replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%

replicate-wild-ignore-table = information_schema.%

replicate-wild-ignore-table = performance_schema.%

expire_logs_days=5

11. 重启mysql服务（两台都需要重启）

#systemctl restart mysqld

12. 配置主主

(1) [FH-UMP1]mysql 为主库

FH-UMP1

#mysql -p（123456）

mysql> show master status;

FH-UMP2

#mysql -p(123456)

mysql> show slave status;

mysql> stop slave;

mysql> change master to master_host=\'192.168.198.149\',master_user=\'root\',master_password=\'123456\',master_log_file=\'mysql-bin.000001\',master_log_pos=154;

mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\\G

详细信息如下：

mysql> show slave status\\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.1.183

Master_User: root

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154

Relay_Log_File: FH-UMP2-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 320

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,information_schema.%,performance_schema.%

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154

Relay_Log_Space: 529

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1

Master_UUID: 3b9bc7b3-d6a0-11e8-9ee1-000c29a816df

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2) [FH-UMP2]mysql 为主库

类似的，可以配置FH-UMP2上的mysql为主库

FH-UMP2

#mysql -p（123456）

mysql> show master status;

FH-UMP1

#mysql -p(123456)

mysql> show slave status;

mysql> stop slave;

mysql> change master to master_host=\'192.168.1.184\',master_user=\'root\',master_password=\'123456\',master_log_file=\'mysql-bin.000001\',master_log_pos=154;

mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\\G

13. 设置开机自启动（两台都需要）

#vim /etc/init.d/boot.local添加

systemctl start mysql.service

四、Keepalived实现高可用

14. Keepalive 安装

#tar –zxvf keepalived-1.3.4.tar.gz

#cd keepalive-1.3.4/

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

#make

#make install

UMP1,UMP2两台机器同样都要安装

15. 修改keepalive配置文件

(1) 修改UMP1的 keepalived配置文件

#mkdir /etc/keepalived/

#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

#vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

router_id HA_MySQL_1 #标识，双主相同

}

vrrp_script check_mysql #vrrp脚本命名

{

script "/etc/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh" #要执行的脚本

interval 10 #脚本指定间隔，秒

weight -50

#优先级（如果脚本执行结果为0，并且weight配置的值大于0，则优先级相应的增加，如果脚本执行结果非0，并且weight配置的值小于0，则优先级相应的减少）

fall 3 #尝试三次都成功才成功

rise 3 #尝试三次都失败才失败

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER #注意，主从两端都配置成了MASTER 和BACKUP

interface br0

virtual_router_id 51 #分组，主备相同

priority 100 #优先级，这个高一点则先把它作为master

advert_int 1

nopreempt #不主动抢占资源，设置非抢占模式

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

track_script

{

check_mysql

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.1.180/24 #vip

}

(2) 修改UMP2 keepalived配置文件

#mkdir /etc/keepalived/

#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

#vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

router_id HA_MySQL_2

}

vrrp_script check_mysql #vrrp脚本命名

{

script "/etc/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh" #要执行的脚本

interval 10 #脚本指定间隔，秒

weight -50

fall 3 #尝试三次都成功才成功

rise 3 #尝试三次都失败才失败

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state BACKUP

interface br0

virtual_router_id 51

priority 90 #优先级，这个低一点

advert_int 1

nopreempt

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress { #虚拟IP (VIP)

192.168.1.180/24

}

16. mysql宕掉后，keepalived自动停止的脚本

vim /etc/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh

脚本内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql #mysql的位置

MYSQL_HOST=localhost

MYSQL_USER=root #mysql用户

MYSQL_PASSWORD=123456 #mysql密码

CHECK_TIME=3

#mysql is working MYSQL_OK is 1 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 0

MYSQL_OK=1

function check_mysql_health (){

$MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1

if [ $? = 0 ] ;then

MYSQL_OK=1

else

MYSQL_OK=0

return $MYSQL_OK

}

while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ]

let "CHECK_TIME -= 1"

check_mysql_health

if [ $MYSQL_OK = 1 ] ; then

CHECK_TIME=0

exit 0

if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 0 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 0 ]

then

pkill keepalived

exit 1

sleep 1

done

17. 启动keepalive服务

1）检查相关的内核参数

开启IP转发功能

#sysctl -a | grep net.ipv4.ip_forward

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

开启允许绑定非本机的IP
#sysctl -a | grep net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1

注：如未开启，即：

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 0

开启的方法为：

#sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

#sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1

如使用LVS的DR或者TUN模式结合Keepalived需要在后端服务器上，特别设置两个arp相关的参数。
#sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore=1
#sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=2
#sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore=1
#sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2

2）启动keepalived

#/usr/local/keepalive/sbin/keepalived -D

日志在/var/log/messages，如有报错可以查看排查

3）测试keepalived的虚拟IP

连接虚拟ip ，先查看下虚拟ip有没有，在设置的priority值高，也就是主机的那台机器上，这里是UMP1机器，调用如下命令ip a