CentOS7 安装 MySQL5.7

Posted 2021-01-15 freelancy

版本

• CentOS7.2 64位
• mysql5.7.17

MySQL安装包

• 下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
• 版本选择：Select Operating System: Linux - Generic
• 本教程使用：mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

安装前的准备

• CentOS7.2需要安装libaio

yum install libaio -y

开始安装

• 解压

tar -zxvf /data/software/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

• 重命名解压目录

cd /usr/local
mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

• 进入mysql目录

cd /usr/local/mysql

• 创建MySQL的data目录

mkdir data

• 新建mysql的用户和用户组

groupadd mysql       #添加用户组
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -d /usr/local/mysql     #新建msyql用户禁止登录shell
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/    赋予mysql用户目录权限

• 初始化数据库

./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

• 复制配置文件

cp -a ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

• 如果没有 my-default.cnf，则直接编辑my.cnf文件vim /etc/my.cnf，将以下内容写进去

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
collation_server = utf8_general_ci
character_set_server = utf8
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = root
lower_case_table_names=1
back_log = 600
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
key_buffer_size = 4M
ft_min_word_len = 4
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M 
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

• 添加环境变量

vi /etc/profile # 编辑etc目录下的profile文件
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile # 使用source命令使之配置文件生效

• 设置启动项

systemctl enable mysql.service

• 启动MySQL

service mysql start

初始化密码

• 查看初始密码

cat /root/.mysql_secret

• 修改密码

# 登录
mysql -u root -p # 回车后输入初始密码
# 修改密码，注意替换掉命令中的密码 your_new_password
SET PASSWORD FOR ‘root‘@localhost=PASSWORD(‘your_new_password‘);

设置开机启动

# 将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
# 赋予可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
# 添加服务
chkconfig --add mysql
# 显示服务列表
chkconfig --list
# 如果看到mysql的服务，并且3,4,5都是on的话则成功，如果是off，则键入
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on

远程访问授权

# 登录MySQL
mysql -u root -p # 回车后输入密码
# 授权命令，注意替换掉命令中的密码 root_password
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘root_password‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
# 重新载入授权表
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;