mysql源码安装

Posted 2021-01-14 年岁有加，并非垂老

1、卸载旧版本
[[email protected]-test-huanqiu ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

#普通删除模式
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -e mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 
# 强力删除模式，如果使用上面命令删除时，提示有依赖的其它文件，则用该命令可以对其进行强力删除 
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64

#删除/etc/my.cnf 
[[email protected]~]# rm /etc/my.cnf

2、安装编译代码需要的包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel

3、创建mysql用户，不建立mysql用户家目录（加-M参数），也就是禁用mysql账号登陆系统 
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd mysql 
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin

4、下载MySQL，源码编译安装
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[[email protected] src]# wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.38.tar.gz
 
[[email protected] src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.38.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# cd mysql-5.6.38/
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.38]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.38]# make && make install

5、配置MySQL
修改/usr/local/mysql权限
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.38]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.38]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.38]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data
 
执行初始化配置脚本，创建系统自带的数据库和表
[[email protected] mysql-5.6.38]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
//如果后续不小心删除了这个数据目录或这个目录下的文件被误操作删除了，还可以利用这个命令重新初始化

需要特别注意：
在启动MySQL服务时，会按照一定次序搜索my.cnf，先在/etc目录下找，找不到则会搜索"$basedir/my.cnf"，在本例中就是 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf，这是新版MySQL的配置文件的默认位置！

另外：
在CentOS 6.4版操作系统最小安装完成后，默认会在/etc目录下存在一个my.cnf，需要将此文件更名为其他的名字，如：/etc/my.cnf.bak，否则，该文件会干扰源码安装的MySQL的正确配置，造成无法启动。
在使用"yum update"更新系统后，需要检查下/etc目录下是否会多出一个my.cnf，如果多出，将它重命名成别的。否则，MySQL将使用这个配置文件启动，可能造成无法正常启动等问题。
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启动MySQL
添加服务，拷贝服务脚本到init.d目录，并设置开机启动
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
[[email protected] mysql]# service mysql start   //启动前，要先配置my.cnf文件（如下）， 并确保/data/mysql/data和/usr/local/mysql的mysql权限

如果启动报错：
[[email protected]-server mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log‘.
170416 12:55:28 mysqld_safe Directory ‘/usr/local/mysql/var‘ for UNIX socket file don‘t exists.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data/mysql.pid).
 
解决办法：
[[email protected]-server mysql]# mkdir ／usr/local/mysql/var
[[email protected]-server mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected]-server mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

配置用户和环境变量
MySQL启动成功后，root默认没有密码，需要设置root密码，设置之前，需要先设置PATH，否则不能直接调用mysql
修改/etc/profile文件，在文件末尾添加
[[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/profile
........
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[[email protected] mysql]# source /etc/profile
 
到此，就可以直接mysql登陆了
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot

登陆mysql，若是报错如下：
[[email protected]-235 mysql]# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)
 
解决办法
[[email protected]-235 mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql/
[[email protected]-235 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

修改root密码，执行命令如下
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD(‘123456‘);
 
若要设置root用户可以远程访问，执行
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
使授权立即生效
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
 
也可以使用mysqladmin命令设置mysql密码
[[email protected] mysql]# mysqladmin password 123456 #安装mysql后第一次设置密码
[[email protected]-test-huanqiu mysql]# mysqladmin -p 旧密码 password 新密码 #重置密码

最后配置防火墙
默认防火墙的3306端口默认没有开启，若要远程访问，需要开启这个端口.也可以做下白名单，比如只允许192.168.1.0/24网段的客户机访问本机的mysql。
[[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
.......
-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp -m state --state NEW -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

下面贴下mysql6.x的my.cnf配置
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock
 
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin
 
skip-name-resolve
 
back_log = 600
 
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 3000
 
table_open_cache = 512
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M
 
read_buffer_size = 1024M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 1024M
join_buffer_size = 1024M
key_buffer_size = 8192M
 
thread_cache_size = 8
 
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 1024M
 
ft_min_word_len = 4
 
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
 
log_error = /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
 
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
 
skip-external-locking
 
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M         #这个参数一般设置为服务器最大内存的60%
innodb_write_io_threads = 1000
innodb_read_io_threads = 1000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
 
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 2G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
 
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
 
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
 
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/stoytoz/article/details/79213932