MySql 基础 pymysql的基本使用方法

Posted 2021-01-05 ming-yuan

安装：
初始化        D:mysql-8.0.12-winx64mysql-8.0.12-winx64inmysqld --initialize-insecure
运行服务端    D:mysql-8.0.12-winx64mysql-8.0.12-winx64inmysqld
运行客户端    D:mysql-8.0.12-winx64mysql-8.0.12-winx64inmysql -u root -p 
            # 查看数据库 show databases;
            # 创建数据库 creat database db1;
# 安装windows服务：
    # C:Windowssystem32>D:mysql-8.0.12-winx64mysql-8.0.12-winx64inmysqld --install    [--remove移除]
    # 添加后可以在windows的服务里看到“MySQL”，管理员身份运行cmd，输入net start/stop MySQL即可启动
    
登陆数据库后创建用户
    create user ‘username‘@‘ip‘ identified by ‘userpwd‘;
    # ip 填 % 表示所有的ip地址都可登陆
    
为用户授权
    grant all privileges on db.t to ‘username‘@‘ip‘;
    # all privileges表示除授权权限外拥有所有的权限    也可填select,delete (查权限和删权限)等
    # db.t 表示对哪个数据库下的哪个表有此权限，填*.*意味着拥有 所有数据库下的所有表 的权限
    取消授权：
        revoke update,delete on db.t1 from ‘username‘@‘ip‘;
    
创建数据库
    create database db2 default charset utf8; # 设置默认编码
    删除
        drop database 数据库名;
    查
        show databases;
    
创建表
    create table t1(id int auto_increment primary key,name char(10))engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
    删除表
        drop table 表名;
    清空表：
        delete from 表名;        # 自增的id不重置
        truncate table 表名;    # 自增的id重置
        
表的增删改查
    insert into 表名(列名,列名2) value(列1值,列2值);
    delete from 表名 where 条件;
    update 表名 set 列=值 where 条件;
    select * from 表名;
    
外键：
    create table t1(
        uid int auto_increment primary key,
        name varchar(32),
        t2_id int,
        constraint fk_user_userinfo foreign key (t2_id) references userinfo(id)
    )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
    
    create table t2(
        id int auto_increment primary key,
        sex char(1)
    )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
innodb原子操作

navicat 链接数据库报错
# 2059 - Authentication plugin ‘caching_sha2_password‘ cannot be loaded: ......
# use mysql
# select user,host,plugin,authentication_string from user;
# alter user ‘mingyaun‘@‘%‘ identified with mysql_native_password by ‘123456‘;

desc tabl_name;
显示表结构，字段类型，主键，是否为空等属性，但不显示外键。
show create table table_name;
该命令把创建表的DDL显示出来，于是表结构、类型，外键，备注全部显示出来了。


关键字
- in   not in 
- between and
- limit
- group by  having
- order by 
- like "%a"
- left join xx on  关系
- select * from (select * from tb where id< 10) as B;
- select (select num from score as s2 where s2.student_id=s1.student_id and course_id = 1) as y,from score as s1;
- case when min(num) <10 THEN 0 ELSE min(num) END
- select avg(num),sum(case when num <60 THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) from score GROUP BY course_id order by AVG(num) asc,jgl desc;

 

import pymysql
# conn = pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user=‘root‘,password=‘‘,database="db666")
# cursor = conn.cursor()
# # sql = "select * from userinfo where username=‘%s‘ and password=‘%s‘" %(user,pwd,)
# # select * from userinfo where username=‘uu‘ or 1=1 -- ‘ and password=‘%s‘
# # ret = cursor.execute(sql)
# # result = cursor.fetchone()
# sql = "select * from userinfo where username=%s and password=%(p)s"
# cursor.execute(sql,user,pwd)
# cursor.execute(sql,[user,pwd])
# cursor.execute(sql,{‘u‘:user,‘p‘:pwd})
# cursor.executemany("insert into hosts(host,color_id)values(%s,%s)", [("1.1.1.11",1),("1.1.1.11",2)])
# conn.commit()    # 增加，删，改 
# result = cursor.fetchone()
# result = cursor.fetchall()
# result = cursor.fetchmany(4)
# 新插入数据的自增ID: cursor.lastrowid

# cursor.close()
# conn.close()