T-SQL:透视数据（十三）

Posted 2021-01-02 yuanzijian-ruiec

透视数据实际上就是行状态转为例状态

先加一张测试表

IF OBJECT_ID(‘dbo.Orders‘, ‘U‘) IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.Orders;
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders
(
  orderid   INT        NOT NULL,
  orderdate DATE       NOT NULL,
  empid     INT        NOT NULL,
  custid    VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,
  qty       INT        NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY(orderid)
);

INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty)
VALUES
  (30001, ‘20070802‘, 3, ‘A‘, 10),
  (10001, ‘20071224‘, 2, ‘A‘, 12),
  (10005, ‘20071224‘, 1, ‘B‘, 20),
  (40001, ‘20080109‘, 2, ‘A‘, 40),
  (10006, ‘20080118‘, 1, ‘C‘, 14),
  (20001, ‘20080212‘, 2, ‘B‘, 12),
  (40005, ‘20090212‘, 3, ‘A‘, 10),
  (20002, ‘20090216‘, 1, ‘C‘, 20),
  (30003, ‘20090418‘, 2, ‘B‘, 15),
  (30004, ‘20070418‘, 3, ‘C‘, 22),
  (30007, ‘20090907‘, 3, ‘D‘, 30);

SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders;

把这张表查出来

SELECT empid, custid, SUM(qty) AS sumqty
FROM dbo.Orders
GROUP BY empid, custid;

我们将 custid行转换成例 

SELECT empid,
SUM(CASE WHEN custid = ‘A‘ THEN qty END) AS A,
SUM(CASE WHEN custid = ‘B‘ THEN qty END) AS B,
SUM(CASE WHEN custid = ‘C‘ THEN qty END) AS C,
SUM(CASE WHEN custid = ‘D‘ THEN qty END) AS D 
FROM dbo.Orders
GROUP BY empid;

sql server 还支持一个子句用于 行转列 PIVOT  是以FROM内嵌 表表达式实现的

SELECT empid, A, B, C, D
FROM (SELECT empid, custid, qty
      FROM dbo.Orders) AS D
  PIVOT(SUM(qty) FOR custid IN(A, B, C, D)) AS P;

PIVOT  （数据行）  for  要转的列  IN (转那几个数据)