DBA：MySQL内置数据库说明和管理
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环境：源码安装mysql
一、检查数据库服务状态
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 13347/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef |grep mysqld
root 12829 1 0 12:35 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/var/web1.pid
mysql 13347 12829 0 12:35 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/var/web1.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/var/web1.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 13922 13892 0 13:42 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
[[email protected] ~]#二、使用mysqld_safe启动
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & # ‘&代表后台运行‘
[1] 13926三、关闭mysql服务
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p shutdown
Enter password: #输入密码，输入时是看不见的四、用户设置
说明：数据库用户和服务器数据库用户
数据库用户：在数据库里创建的角色，在数据库里具有一定的权限，但在服务器里是不存在数据库里创建的用户角色。
服务器数据库用户：在服务器存在的用户，负责运行mysql服务，并具有权限处理与数据库相关的管理。mysql用户依然是服务器里的普通用户。在命令行输入 id mysql，用户ID是大于500的。
4.1添加用户，并查询权限
[[email protected]ysql-linuxview ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> grant select on *.* to [email protected]‘%‘ identified by ‘test01‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user from user where user=‘test01‘;
+------+--------+
| host | user |
+------+--------+
| % | test01 |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>4.2查看用户的所有信息（N代表no，Y代表yes）
mysql> use mysql; #选择mysql数据库
Database changed
mysql> select * from user where user =‘test01‘ G; #添加 G是整洁输出结果
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
User: test01
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Reload_priv: N
Shutdown_priv: N
Process_priv: N
File_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Show_db_priv: N
Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Repl_slave_priv: N
Repl_client_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Create_user_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
Create_tablespace_priv: N
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *7E6A44E6DA0D9BC6621E07B51A3B2DADADE488EB
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2018-07-13 14:16:42
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: N
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>用户权限列表;
Select_priv: Y #查看权限 （只读）
Insert_priv: N #插入权限
Update_priv: N #更新权限
Delete_priv: N #删除数据权限
Create_priv: N #创建权限
Drop_priv: N #删除库权限
Reload_priv: N #重加载服务权限（执行）
Shutdown_priv: N #关闭服务权限 （执行）
Process_priv: N #进程权限
File_priv: N #文件目录加载权限
Grant_priv: N #赋予权限的权限（一般只有root用户有）
References_priv: N #占位符功能
Index_priv: N #索引权限
Alter_priv: N #修改表结构权限
Show_db_priv: N #查看数据库权限
Super_priv: N #管理权限
Create_tmp_table_priv: N #创建临时表权限
Lock_tables_priv: N #表的加解锁权限
Execute_priv: N #执行存储权限
Repl_slave_priv: N #维护复制数据库环境的二进制日志文件权限
Repl_client_priv: N #确认主从复制权限
Create_view_priv: N #创建视图权限
Show_view_priv: N #查看视图权限
Create_routine_priv: N #更改或放弃存储过程和函数
Alter_routine_priv: N #修改或者删除存储函数及函数
Create_user_priv: N #创建用户权限
Event_priv: N #创建、修改和删除事件权限
Trigger_priv: N #创建和删除触发器
Create_tablespace_priv: N #创建表空间权限
4.3初始数据库解释
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>一般安装完之后登陆数据库5.7，初始的数据库就有information_schema，mysql，performance_schema，sys这四个，下面解释一下这些数据库的用途：
information_schema ：查看数据库里的数据表
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_information_schema |
+---------------------------------------+
| CHARACTER_SETS |
| COLLATIONS |
| COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY |
| COLUMNS |
| COLUMN_PRIVILEGES |
| ENGINES |
| EVENTS |
| FILES |
| GLOBAL_STATUS |
| GLOBAL_VARIABLES |
| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE |
| OPTIMIZER_TRACE |
| PARAMETERS |
| PARTITIONS |
| PLUGINS |
| PROCESSLIST |
| PROFILING |
| REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS |
| ROUTINES |
| SCHEMATA |
| SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES |
| SESSION_STATUS |
| SESSION_VARIABLES |
| STATISTICS |
| TABLES |
| TABLESPACES |
| TABLE_CONSTRAINTS |
| TABLE_PRIVILEGES |
| TRIGGERS |
| USER_PRIVILEGES |
| VIEWS |
| INNODB_LOCKS |
| INNODB_TRX |
| INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES |
| INNODB_FT_CONFIG |
| INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL |
| INNODB_CMP |
| INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED |
| INNODB_CMP_RESET |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX |
| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET |
| INNODB_FT_DELETED |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU |
| INNODB_LOCK_WAITS |
| INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO |
| INNODB_SYS_INDEXES |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLES |
| INNODB_SYS_FIELDS |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE |
| INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES |
| INNODB_METRICS |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS |
| INNODB_CMPMEM |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS |
| INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS |
+---------------------------------------+
61 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>*informationschema：提供访问数据库元数据的方式，同时也是一个信息数据库，保存着关于MySQL服务器所维护的所有其他数据库信息，在数据库中有多个只读表，称之为视图，因为这些只读表不是基本表，所以将无法了解与之相关的任何文件。但MySQL用户都有权访问这些表，也仅限于在表中的特定行，所以只是拥有合适的访问权限。
元数据：是关于数据的数据，如数据库名或表名，列的数据类型，或访问权限等。有些时候用于表述该信息的其他术语包括“数据词典”和“系统目录”。*
mysql：查看数据库表
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| engine_cost |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| gtid_executed |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| server_cost |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>mysql： 核心数据库，类似于sql server中的master表，主要负责存储数据库的用户、权限设置、关键字等mysql自己需要使用的控制和管理信息。不可以删除，如果对mysql不是很了解，也不要轻易修改这个数据库里面的表信息。
performance_schema ：查看数据库表
mysql> show tables;
+------------------------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_performance_schema |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| accounts |
| cond_instances |
| events_stages_current |
| events_stages_history |
| events_stages_history_long |
| events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name |
| events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name |
| events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name |
| events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name |
| events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name |
| events_statements_current |
| events_statements_history |
| events_statements_history_long |
| events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name |
| events_statements_summary_by_digest |
| events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name |
| events_statements_summary_by_program |
| events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name |
| events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name |
| events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name |
| events_transactions_current |
| events_transactions_history |
| events_transactions_history_long |
| events_transactions_summary_by_account_by_event_name |
| events_transactions_summary_by_host_by_event_name |
| events_transactions_summary_by_thread_by_event_name |
| events_transactions_summary_by_user_by_event_name |
| events_transactions_summary_global_by_event_name |
| events_waits_current |
| events_waits_history |
| events_waits_history_long |
| events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name |
| events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name |
| events_waits_summary_by_instance |
| events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name |
| events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name |
| events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name |
| file_instances |
| file_summary_by_event_name |
| file_summary_by_instance |
| global_status |
| global_variables |
| host_cache |
| hosts |
| memory_summary_by_account_by_event_name |
| memory_summary_by_host_by_event_name |
| memory_summary_by_thread_by_event_name |
| memory_summary_by_user_by_event_name |
| memory_summary_global_by_event_name |
| metadata_locks |
| mutex_instances |
| objects_summary_global_by_type |
| performance_timers |
| prepared_statements_instances |
| replication_applier_configuration |
| replication_applier_status |
| replication_applier_status_by_coordinator |
| replication_applier_status_by_worker |
| replication_connection_configuration |
| replication_connection_status |
| replication_group_member_stats |
| replication_group_members |
| rwlock_instances |
| session_account_connect_attrs |
| session_connect_attrs |
| session_status |
| session_variables |
| setup_actors |
| setup_consumers |
| setup_instruments |
| setup_objects |
| setup_timers |
| socket_instances |
| socket_summary_by_event_name |
| socket_summary_by_instance |
| status_by_account |
| status_by_host |
| status_by_thread |
| status_by_user |
| table_handles |
| table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage |
| table_io_waits_summary_by_table |
| table_lock_waits_summary_by_table |
| threads |
| user_variables_by_thread |
| users |
| variables_by_thread |
+------------------------------------------------------+
87 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>performanceschema：MySQL 5.5新增一个存储引擎并命名PERFORMANCESCHEMA ,主要用于收集数据库服务器性能参数
sys :查看数据库的表
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_sys |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| host_summary |
| host_summary_by_file_io |
| host_summary_by_file_io_type |
| host_summary_by_stages |
| host_summary_by_statement_latency |
| host_summary_by_statement_type |
| innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema |
| innodb_buffer_stats_by_table |
| innodb_lock_waits |
| io_by_thread_by_latency |
| io_global_by_file_by_bytes |
| io_global_by_file_by_latency |
| io_global_by_wait_by_bytes |
| io_global_by_wait_by_latency |
| latest_file_io |
| memory_by_host_by_current_bytes |
| memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes |
| memory_by_user_by_current_bytes |
| memory_global_by_current_bytes |
| memory_global_total |
| metrics |
| processlist |
| ps_check_lost_instrumentation |
| schema_auto_increment_columns |
| schema_index_statistics |
| schema_object_overview |
| schema_redundant_indexes |
| schema_table_lock_waits |
| schema_table_statistics |
| schema_table_statistics_with_buffer |
| schema_tables_with_full_table_scans |
| schema_unused_indexes |
| session |
| session_ssl_status |
| statement_analysis |
| statements_with_errors_or_warnings |
| statements_with_full_table_scans |
| statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile |
| statements_with_sorting |
| statements_with_temp_tables |
| sys_config |
| user_summary |
| user_summary_by_file_io |
| user_summary_by_file_io_type |
| user_summary_by_stages |
| user_summary_by_statement_latency |
| user_summary_by_statement_type |
| version |
| wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency |
| wait_classes_global_by_latency |
| waits_by_host_by_latency |
| waits_by_user_by_latency |
| waits_global_by_latency |
| x$host_summary |
| x$host_summary_by_file_io |
| x$host_summary_by_file_io_type |
| x$host_summary_by_stages |
| x$host_summary_by_statement_latency |
| x$host_summary_by_statement_type |
| x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema |
| x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table |
| x$innodb_lock_waits |
| x$io_by_thread_by_latency |
| x$io_global_by_file_by_bytes |
| x$io_global_by_file_by_latency |
| x$io_global_by_wait_by_bytes |
| x$io_global_by_wait_by_latency |
| x$latest_file_io |
| x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes |
| x$memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes |
| x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes |
| x$memory_global_by_current_bytes |
| x$memory_global_total |
| x$processlist |
| x$ps_digest_95th_percentile_by_avg_us |
| x$ps_digest_avg_latency_distribution |
| x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io |
| x$schema_flattened_keys |
| x$schema_index_statistics |
| x$schema_table_lock_waits |
| x$schema_table_statistics |
| x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer |
| x$schema_tables_with_full_table_scans |
| x$session |
| x$statement_analysis |
| x$statements_with_errors_or_warnings |
| x$statements_with_full_table_scans |
| x$statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile |
| x$statements_with_sorting |
| x$statements_with_temp_tables |
| x$user_summary |
| x$user_summary_by_file_io |
| x$user_summary_by_file_io_type |
| x$user_summary_by_stages |
| x$user_summary_by_statement_latency |
| x$user_summary_by_statement_type |
| x$wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency |
| x$wait_classes_global_by_latency |
| x$waits_by_host_by_latency |
| x$waits_by_user_by_latency |
| x$waits_global_by_latency |
+-----------------------------------------------+
101 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>sys：mysql5.7增加了sys 系统数据库，通过sys库可以快速的了解系统的元数据信息，方便DBA发现数据库的信息，解决性能瓶颈。
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