windows安装mysql
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mysql介绍
MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由瑞典MySQL AB 公司开发,目前属于 Oracle 旗下公司。MySQL 最流行的关系型数据库管理系统,在 WEB 应用方面MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System,关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件之一。
mysql是什么
mysql就是一个基于socket编写的C/S架构的软件
客户端软件
mysql自带:如mysql命令,mysqldump命令等
python模块:如pymysql
数据库管理软件分类
分两大类:
关系型:如sqllite,db2,oracle,access,sql server,MySQL,注意:sql语句通用
非关系型:mongodb,redis,memcache
可以简单的理解为:
关系型数据库需要有表结构
非关系型数据库是key-value存储的,没有表结构
下载
访问https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/下载mysql5.6
下载后解压缩,看到如下目录
安装启动mysql
1.添加环境变量
【右键计算机】--》【属性】--》【高级系统设置】--》【高级】--》【环境变量】--》【在第二个内容框中找到 变量名为Path 的一行,双击】 --> 【将MySQL的bin目录路径追加到变值值中,用 ; 分割】
2.初始化
mysqld --initialize-insecure
3.启动MySQL服务
mysqld # 启动MySQL服务
4.启动MySQL客户端并连接MySQL服务
mysql -u root -p # 连接MySQL服务器
打开一个终端输出mysqld启动服务,另一个终端输入mysql访问mysql,出现界面mysql > 说明启动mysql成功
5.查看mysql服务
tasklist |findstr mysql
将MySQL服务制作成windows服务
注意:--install前,必须用mysql启动命令的绝对路径 # 制作MySQL的Windows服务,在终端执行此命令: mysqld --install # 移除MySQL的Windows服务,在终端执行此命令: mysqld --remove 注册成服务之后,以后再启动和关闭MySQL服务时,仅需执行如下命令: # 启动MySQL服务 net start mysql # 关闭MySQL服务 net stop mysql
用管理员cmd输入命令
杀掉mysql进程,启动服务
启动与停止mysql服务
登录设置密码
C:\\Windows\\system32>mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> mysql> mysql> select user(); # 查看用户 +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | ODBC@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye C:\\Windows\\system32>mysql -u root -p #使用root用户登录,默认密码为空 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye C:\\Windows\\system32>mysqladmin -u root -p password "123" #修改密码123 Enter password: Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. C:\\Windows\\system32>mysql -u root -p #用密码123登录数据库 Enter password: *** Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit Bye C:\\Windows\\system32>mysqladmin -u root -p123 password "456" #修改密码为456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. C:\\Windows\\system32>mysql -uroot -p456 #用密码456登录数据库 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select user() -> ; +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
破解密码
#1 关闭mysql #2 在cmd中执行:mysqld --skip-grant-tables #3 在cmd中执行:mysql #4 执行如下sql: update mysql.user set authentication_string=password(\'\') where user = \'root\'; flush privileges; #5 tskill mysqld #或taskkill -f /PID 进程号 #6 重新启动mysql
停止mysql服务,跳过授权方式启动
修改mysql服务器root密码
C:\\Users\\>mysql -uroot -p #使用空密码登录 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select user(); +--------+ | user() | +--------+ | root@ | +--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update mysql.user set password=password("111") where user="root" and host="localhost"; #修改密码 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; #刷新权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> exit Bye
重启mysql服务器,使用新密码111登录
统一字符编码
强调:配置文件中的注释可以有中文,但是配置项中不能出现中文
#在mysql的解压目录下,新建my.ini,然后配置 #1. 在执行mysqld命令时,下列配置会生效,即mysql服务启动时生效 [mysqld] ;skip-grant-tables port=3306 character_set_server=utf8 default-storage-engine=innodb innodb_file_per_table=1 #解压的目录 basedir=C:\\pythonStudy\\mysql5.6 #data目录 datadir=C:\\pythonStudy\\mysql5.6\\data\\ #在mysqld --initialize时,就会将初始数据存入此处指定的目录,在初始化之后,启动mysql时,就会去这个目录里找数据 #2. 针对客户端命令的全局配置,当mysql客户端命令执行时,下列配置生效 [client] port=3306 default-character-set=utf8 user=root password=111 #3. 只针对mysql这个客户端的配置,2中的是全局配置,而此处的则是只针对mysql这个命令的局部配置 [mysql] ;port=3306 ;default-character-set=utf8 user=egon password=4573
my.ini字符编码设置
#1. 修改配置文件 [mysqld] default-character-set=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 #mysql5.5以上:修改方式有所改动 [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 #2. 重启服务 #3. 查看修改结果: \\s show variables like \'%char%\'
windows mysql默认安装字符
修改mysql字符后,重启查看新设置的utf-8字符
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