sql server多重行列转置的优化

Posted 2020-08-22 Kevin-kw

将表1转化成表2：

               表1

               表2

得到表2的结果，需要经过多次pivot转换，再经union连接到一起，代码如下：

 1 select id, type,sum([1]) [1],sum([2]) [2],sum([3]) [3],sum([4]) [4] from
 2 (
 3     select \'a\' as type, * from   Table_1
 4     pivot(sum(a)  for p in([1],[2],[3],[4])) as a 
 5 union all
 6     select \'b\' as type,* from   Table_1
 7     pivot(sum(b)  for p in([1],[2],[3],[4])) as b
 8 union all
 9     select \'c\'  as type,* from   Table_1
10     pivot(sum(c)  for p in([1],[2],[3],[4])) as c
11 union all
12     select \'d\'  as type,* from   Table_1
13     pivot(sum(d)  for p in([1],[2],[3],[4])) as d
14 ) t1
15 group by id,type
16 order by id,type

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此时代码看起来比较多，如果需要n多次pivot转换，代码过于繁多。

此时，可通过定义一个变量，以拼字符串的形式，来代替繁多的代码：

1 declare @str varchar(8000)  
2 set @str = \'\'
3 select  @str = @str + \' SELECT \'\'\'+ NAME + \'\'\' AS TYPE,* FROM Table_1 pivot(SUM(\'+ NAME +\') 
4         for p in ([1],[2],[3],[4])) as \'+ NAME +\' union ALL \' 
5         from syscolumns 
6         where object_id(\'Table_1\') = id AND NAME <> \'P\' AND NAME <> \'ID\'
7 select @str = left(@str,len(@str)-len(\'union ALL\'))
8 select @str =\'select id, type,sum([1]) [1],sum([2]) [2],sum([3]) [3],sum([4]) [4] from (\'+ @str +\') t1 group by id,type order by id,type\'
9 exec (@str)

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两种方法得出的结果是一样的，只是后者代码更为简洁。