Keepalived+MySQL 8.0.17 实现MySQL双主的高可用

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一、系统环境

 主机:两台CentOS7.6虚拟机

 IP地址:master01(IP:192.168.27.47),master02(IP:192.168.27.57),VIP:192.168.27.100

 软件:mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz,Keepalived(yum源)

二、实现过程

2.1、实现MySQL的安装配置

(1) 下载MySQL的安装包,下载地址: https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# ll mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 480209016 May  9 11:25 mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

[root@mysql-master02 ~]# ll mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 480209016 May  9 11:25 mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

(2) 两台主机都创建mysql用户,以master01为例

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

(3) 解压MySQL安装包,创建软链接

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# tar -Jxvf mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

(4) 初始化数据库

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql-master01 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
2020-05-11T02:55:47.592126Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-05-11T02:55:47.673278Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server in progress as process 56424
2020-05-11T02:56:00.647204Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: W:66pBoq;hkF    #root连接数据库的初始密码
2020-05-11T02:56:04.547704Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server has completed

[root@mysql-master02 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
2020-05-11T02:56:54.701359Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-05-11T02:56:54.780973Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server in progress as process 56410
2020-05-11T02:57:07.447552Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <ga,2Yf&2:qA    #root连接数据库的初始密码
2020-05-11T02:57:11.244150Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server has completed

(5) 修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf

[root@mysql-master01 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port=3306
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8mb4
innodb_file_per_table=on
skip_name_resolve=on
log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/run/mysql.pid
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
#创建日志目录与文件,防止启动报错
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql/{log,run}
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# touch /data/mysql/log/mysql.log
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

(7) 准备启动脚本,并配置环境变量

[root@mysql-master01 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql-master01 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mysql-master01 mysql]# echo PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mysql-master01 mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

(8) 启动数据库服务,并修改root用户密码

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL........... SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql-master01 mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot -p"W:66pBoq;hkF" password 123456    #修改密码方式一,不安全,不推荐

[root@mysql-master02 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:         #输入mysql-master02的数据库密码:<ga,2Yf&2:qA
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.17

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type help; or h for help. Type c to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 123456;    #修改密码方式二
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

2.2、实现MySQL的双主配置

(1) 修改mysql-master01的配置文件,可以直接修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件,也可以在 /etc/my.cnf.d/ 下新建一个配置文件

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-master.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id = 1
log-bin = /data/mysql/log/log_bin
binlog-format = ROW  #指定二进制格式
relay-log = /data/mysql/log/relay-bin
relay-log-index = relay-bin.index
auto_increment_offset = 1  #起始值,一般填写第n台主机mysql
auto_increment_increment = 2  #步进值auto_imcrement 。一般有n台主mysql就填n
#binlog_do_db = DBNAME  #设置要同步的数据库
#replicate-ignore-db = test  #设置不同步的数据库
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

(2) 修改mysql-master02的配置文件

[root@mysql-master02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-master.cnf 
[mysqld]
server_id = 2
log-bin = /data/mysql/log/log_bin
binlog-format = ROW
relay-log = /data/mysql/log/relay-bin
relay-log-index = relay-bin.index
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2
#binlog_do_db = DBNAME
#replicate-ignore-db = test
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

(3) 在mysql-master01与mysql-master02上分别创建授权用户

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.17 MySQL Community Server - GPL
mysql> create user repl@192.168.27.% identified with mysql_native_password by repl123456;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@192.168.27.%;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File           | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| log_bin.000001 |      862 |              |                  |                   |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#以下为mysql-master02上的操作
[root@mysql-master02 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.17 MySQL Community Server - GPL

mysql> create user repl@192.168.27.% identified with mysql_native_password by repl123456;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@192.168.27.%;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File           | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| log_bin.000001 |      862 |              |                  |                   |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(4) 在mysql-master02上配置同步信息

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host=192.168.27.47,
    -> master_user=repl,
    -> master_password=repl123456,
    -> master_log_file=log_bin.000001,
    -> master_log_pos=862;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.11 sec)

mysql> start slave;        #启动slave同步进程
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> show slave statusG;        #查看slave状态,看是否有错误

(5) 在mysql-master01上配置同步信息

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host=192.168.27.57,
    -> master_user=repl,
    -> master_password=repl123456,
    -> master_log_file=log_bin.000001,
    -> master_log_pos=862;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> show slave statusG;

(6) 测试同步

#在mysql-master01创建一个库testA
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.06 sec)

mysql> create database testA;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

#在mysql-master02查看,可以看到同步了
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| testA              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.06 sec)

#再在mysql-master02创建一个库testB
mysql> create database testB;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

#在mysql-master01上查看,可以看到也同步了
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| testA              |
| testB              |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2.3、实现MySQL双主的高可用配置

(1) 两台主机都安装Keepalived服务,此处使用光盘自带yum源安装

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# yum install -y keepalived

[root@mysql-master02 ~]# yum install -y keepalived

(2) 修改mysql-master01上的keepalived配置

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from root@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id master01
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
#定义检查脚本
vrrp_script check_mysql_status {    
   script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
   interval 2
   weight -50
   fall 3
   rise 5
   timeout 3
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    nopreempt
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.27.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
    track_script {
        check_mysql_status
    }
}

(3) 修改mysql-master02上的keepalived配置

[root@mysql-master02 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from root@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id master02
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_script check_mysql_status {
   script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
   interval 2
   weight -50
   fall 3
   rise 5
   timeout 3
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 80
    nopreempt
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.27.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
    track_script {
        check_mysql_status
    }
}

(4) 编写检查脚本,两台主机都一样

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh

#!/bin/bash

mysqlcmd="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql"
user="root"
password="123456"

$mysqlcmd -u$user -p$password -e "show status;" &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    echo "mysql_status=1"
    exit 0
else
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh 192.168.27.57:/etc/keepalived/

(5) 启动两台主机的keepalived服务,并设为开机启动

[root@mysql-master01 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived

[root@mysql-master02 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@mysql-master02 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived

(6) 测试

#刚开始时,VIP在mysql-master01上
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# ip a|grep 192.168.27.100
    inet 192.168.27.100/24 scope global secondary eth0:0
#关闭mysql-master01上的keepalived,VIP也转移到了mysql-master02上
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# ip a|grep 192.168.27.100
[root@mysql-master02 keepalived]# ip a|grep 192.168.27.100
    inet 192.168.27.100/24 scope global secondary eth0:0
#重新启动mysql-master01的keepalived,可以看到VIP还是在mysql-master02上,因为是非抢占模式,是正确的
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# ip a|grep 192.168.27.100
[root@mysql-master02 keepalived]# ip a|grep 192.168.27.100
    inet 192.168.27.100/24 scope global secondary eth0:0
#接着,关闭mysql-master02上mysql服务,制造mysql故障
#此时,mysql-master02上的keepalived服务将被脚本控制关闭了,并且VIP应该转移至mysql-master01上
[root@mysql-master02 ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.......... SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql-master02 ~]# ip a|grep 192.168.27.100
[root@mysql-master02 ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root     10478  6769  0 11:37 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived
#以下可以看到,VIP已转移到mysql-master01上
[root@mysql-master01 ~]# ip a|grep 192.168.27.100
    inet 192.168.27.100/24 scope global secondary eth0:0

 

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