Centos7下安装InfluxDB教程

Posted 2020-12-13 泡泡茶壶i

1.安装

(1) 创建安装目录
mkdir /usr/local/influxdb/

(2) 将 influxdb-1.7.10.x86_64.rpm复制到安装目录下

(3) 安装
cd /usr/local/influxdb/
yum localinstall influxdb-1.7.10.x86_64.rpm

(4) 环境准备
mkdir -p /data/influxdb
chmod -R 777 /data

 或者:

　　# wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb-1.7.8.x86_64.rpm

　　# sudo yum localinstall influxdb-1.7.8.x86_64.rpm

包文件路径

/usr/bin下
influxd    influxdb服务器
influx      influxdb命令行客户端
influx_inspect  查看工具
influx_stress  压力测试工具
influx_tsm  数据库转换工具（将数据库从b1或bz1格式转换为tsm1格式）

/var/lib/influxdb/下
data  存放最终存储的数据，文件以.tsm结尾
meta  存放数据库元数据
wal  存放预写日志文件

/var/log/influxdb下
influxd.log  日志文件

/etc/influxdb下
influxdb.conf  配置文件

/var/run/influxdb/
influxd.pid  PID文件

修改配置文件

(1)    备份配置文件
cp /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf.default

(2)    修改配置
vi /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
找到如下配置并修改或取消注释：
[meta]
dir = "/data/influxdb/meta"
[data]
dir = "/data/influxdb/data"
wal-dir = "/data/influxdb/wal"

 常用命令

启动服务    systemctl start influxd
停止服务    systemctl stop influxd
重启服务    systemctl restart influxd

 检查是否已启动influxdb数据库

ps aux | grep influx;

 

2.启动
#启动
sudo systemctl start influxdb

#配置开机启动
sudo systemctl enable influxdb

3.防火墙配置
#开放端口
# firewall-cmd --add-port=8086/tcp --permanent

#重载防火墙配置
# firewall-cmd --reload

4.启动cli命令
[root@localhost grafana]# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.7.8
InfluxDB shell version: 1.7.8
>

5.配置用户和数据库
创建用户
> CREATE USER dolphin WITH PASSWORD \'dolphininfluxpwd\' WITH ALL PRIVILEGES

查询用户
> SHOW USERS
user admin
---- -----
influx true
dolphin true
>

创建数据库
> CREATE DATABASE dolphin

查询数据库
> SHOW DATABASES
name: databases
name
----
_internal
dolphin
>

6.插入数据与查询数据
1.database
数据库，和mysql的数据库相比，没有太大的歧义

2.measurement
对比的是mysql中的table，从实际体验来看，两个之间最明显的区别在于没有单独的创建measurement的方法，直接新增一条数据时，若measurement不存在，则直接创建并插入一条数据

3.Point
这个对比的是mysql中的record，在influxDB中，表示每个表中，某个时刻，满足某个条件的filed数据（简单来说就是 timestamp + tag + filed)的组成一个point

timestamp : 时间戳，ns单位，每个记录都必然有这个属性，没有显示添加时，默认给一个。（纳秒，1s=1000ms 1ms=1000us 1us=1000ns）
tag: 标签，kv结构，在database中， tag + measurement 一起构建索引
参与索引创建，因此适合作为查询的过滤条件
tag的数据量不要太多，最好能有典型的辨别性（和mysql的建立索引的原则差不多）
value为String类型
tag是可选的，在measurement不设置tag也是ok的
field：存储数据，kv结构
数据类型为: long, String, boolean, float
4. Series
Series: tag key 与tag value的唯一组合

在insert执行语句中，tag与tag、field与field之间用都好进行分割，tag与field之间用空格分割
tag的value都是，String类型，不需要加双引号
field的String类型数据，需要放在双引号中，否则会报错
如果需要显示添加时间戳，在filed后添加空格，再添加时间戳

格式

<measurement>[,<tag-key>=<tag-value>...] <field-key>=<field-value>[,<field2-key>=<field2-value>...] [unix-nano-timestamp]

插入

> USE dolphin
Using database dolphin

插入数据（host是tag,load,usage是filed）
> INSERT cpu,host=192.168.1.1 load=0.1,usage=0.2
> INSERT cpu,host=192.168.1.2 load=0.2,usage=0.3
> INSERT cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.6,usage=0.7

插入相同时间数据（tagkey1，tagkey2是tag,fieldkey1,fieldkey2是filed；tag的value都是，String类型，不需要加双引号
field的String类型数据，需要放在双引号中，否则会报错）
> insert table2,tagkey1=1,tagkey2=a fieldkey1=11,fieldkey2="aa" 1581771014614699790
> insert table2,tagkey1=2,tagkey2=a fieldkey1=11,fieldkey2="aa" 1581771014614699790
> select * from table2
name: table2
time fieldkey1 fieldkey2 tagkey1 tagkey2
---- --------- --------- ------- -------
1581771014614699790 11 aa 1 a
1581771014614699790 11 aa 2 a

查询数据全部数据
> SELECT * FROM "cpu"
name: cpu
time host load usage
---- ---- ---- -----
1581756324805070467 192.168.1.1 0.1 0.2
1581756335749318117 192.168.1.2 0.2 0.3
1581756346893987133 192.168.1.3 0.6 0.7

# 筛选条件
> SELECT "host","load","usage" FROM "cpu" WHERE "host" = \'192.168.1.1\'
name: cpu
time host load usage
---- ---- ---- -----
1581756324805070467 192.168.1.1 0.1 0.2

# 范围
> SELECT "host","load","usage" FROM "cpu" WHERE "usage" > 0.3
name: cpu
time host load usage
---- ---- ---- -----
1581756346893987133 192.168.1.3 0.6 0.7
>

其它
# 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE "db_name"
# 显示所有数据库
SHOW DATABASES
# 删除数据库
DROP DATABASE "db_name"

# 使用数据库
USE mydb
# 显示该数据库中的表
SHOW MEASUREMENTS
# 删除表
DROP MEASUREMENT "t_name"

7.HTTP API
7.1 创建数据库
[root@localhost ~]# curl -i -XPOST http://172.16.159.132:8086/query --data-urlencode "q=CREATE DATABASE cctestdb"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Request-Id: 2ac0248e-4fd0-11ea-801e-000c29c94ec8
X-Influxdb-Build: OSS
X-Influxdb-Version: 1.7.8
X-Request-Id: 2ac0248e-4fd0-11ea-801e-000c29c94ec8
Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2020 08:50:07 GMT
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

{"results":[{"statement_id":0}]}
[root@localhost ~]#

7.2 插入数据
#写入单条
curl -i -XPOST http://172.16.159.132:8086/write?db=cctestdb --data-binary "cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.1,usage=0.33"

curl -i -XPOST http://172.16.159.132:8086/write?db=cctestdb --data-binary "cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.1,usage=0.33 6666666666666666666"

#写入多条
curl -i -XPOST http://172.16.159.132:8086/write?db=cctestdb --data-binary "cpu,host=192.168.1.2 load=0.1,usage=0.22 1666666666666666661
cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.1,usage=0.33 1666666666666666663
cpu,host=192.168.1.2 load=0.2,usage=0.22 1666666666666666664
cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.2,usage=0.33 1666666666666666665"

7.3查询数据
[root@localhost ~]# curl -G http://172.16.159.132:8086/query?db=cctestdb --data-urlencode "q=SELECT * FROM \\"cpu\\""
{"results":[{"statement_id":0,"series":[{"name":"cpu","columns":["time","host","load","usage"],"values":[["2020-02-15T08:52:00.039671928Z","192.168.1.3",0.1,0.33],["2022-10-25T02:57:46.666666661Z","192.168.1.2",0.1,0.22],["2022-10-25T02:57:46.666666661Z","192.168.1.3",0.1,0.33],["2022-10-25T02:57:46.666666662Z","192.168.1.2",0.2,0.22],["2022-10-25T02:57:46.666666662Z","192.168.1.3",0.2,0.33],["2022-10-25T02:57:46.666666663Z","192.168.1.3",0.1,0.33],["2022-10-25T02:57:46.666666664Z","192.168.1.2",0.2,0.22],["2022-10-25T02:57:46.666666665Z","192.168.1.3",0.2,0.33],["2181-04-04T11:51:06.666666666Z","192.168.1.3",0.1,0.33]]}]}]}
[root@localhost ~]#

8.配置http账号密码
1 创建账号

创建用户
> CREATE USER dolphin WITH PASSWORD \'dolphininfluxpwd\' WITH ALL PRIVILEGES

查询用户
> SHOW USERS
user admin
---- -----
influx true
dolphin true
>

2 配置`http密码访问。 auth-enabled = true
vim /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf

[http]
auth-enabled = true

3.1cli终端账号密码登录

[root@localhost grafana]# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.7.8
InfluxDB shell version: 1.7.8
> auth
username: dolphin
password:
> show databases;
name: databases
name
----
_internal
dolphin
cctestdb
itemdata
>

3.2http账号密码登录,-u dolphin:dolphininfluxpwd

# curl -i -XPOST http://172.16.159.132:8086/write?db=dolphin -u dolphin:dolphininfluxpwd --data-binary "itemdatas,value=100, 1581772819000000000"

参考文档
《CentOS 7下InfluxDB部署与使用入门》：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1333874
《influxDB基本概念小结》：https://www.cnblogs.com/yihuihui/p/9374561.html

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/CleverCode/java/article/details/104329925

参考网址：

https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb-1.7.10.x86_64.rpm

https://s0docs0influxdata0com.icopy.site/influxdb/v1.7

https://www.linuxdaxue.com/influxdb-study-series-manual.html