mysql进阶

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mysql

目录

1. 二进制格式mysql安装

//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local


//创建用户和组
[root@localhost local]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -u 306 -g 306 mysql

//解压软件至/usr/local/

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin    include  libexec                                     share
etc    lib      mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  src
games  lib64    sbin
[root@localhost local]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin    include  libexec                                     sbin
etc    lib      mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64         share
games  lib64    mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  src
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 649172
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        35 6月   9 11:11 mysql -> mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       129 6月   9 11:09 mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664749587 6月   9 11:02 mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root        49 4月   8 02:52 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 4月  11 2018 src





//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll -d mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 35 6月   9 11:11 mysql -> mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64


//添加环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo \'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH\' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin



//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost local]# mkdir /opt/mysqldata
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysqldata/
[root@localhost local]# ll -d /opt/mysqldata/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 6月   9 11:18 /opt/mysqldata/



//初始化数据库
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/mysqldata/
2020-06-09T03:19:38.814013Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-06-09T03:19:38.973639Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-06-09T03:19:39.000701Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-06-09T03:19:39.057201Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0d72d179-aa00-11ea-b236-000c29261efc.
2020-06-09T03:19:39.057845Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table \'mysql.gtid_executed\' cannot be opened.
2020-06-09T03:19:39.471815Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-06-09T03:19:39.669799Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 4bnX(WEjtdB6
//随机的临时密码：4bnX(WEjtdB6





//生成配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# > /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysqldata
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/mysqldata/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve



//配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/mysqldata




//启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld status
 ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100     [::1]:25                   [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      80       [::]:3306                 [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128      [::]:22                   [::]:*                  
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (2842)
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld --list
mysqld         	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:开	4:开	5:开	6:关
 
 

//修改密码
//使用临时密码登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'4bnX(WEjtdB6\'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
mysql> set password = password(\'qwer!@#$\');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

2. mysql配置文件

mysql`的配置文件为`/etc/my.cnf

配置文件查找次序：若在多个配置文件中均有设定，则最后找到的最终生效

/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> --default-extra-file=/PATH/TO/CONF_FILE --> ~/.my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\'
mysql> quit
Bye
//在家目录下创建.my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# vim .my.cnf
[client]
user=root
password=\'qwer!@#$\'
//登录不用输入密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -e \'show databases;\'
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

mysql常用配置文件参数：**

说明 参数
设置监听端口 port = 3306
指定套接字文件位置 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
指定MySQL的安装路径 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
指定MySQL的数据存放路径 datadir = /data/mysql
指定进程ID文件存放路径 pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
指定MySQL以什么用户的身份提供服务 user = mysql
禁止MySQL对外部连接进行DNS解析 使用这一选项可以消除MySQL进行DNS解析的时间。 若开启该选项，则所有远程主机连接授权都要使用IP地址方 式否则MySQL将无法正常处理连接请求 skip-name-resolve

3. mysql数据库备份与恢复

3.1 数据库常用备份方案

数据库备份方案：

  • 全量备份
  • 增量备份
  • 差异备份
备份方案 特点
全量备份 全量备份就是指对某一个时间点上的所有数据或应用进行的一个完全拷贝。 数据恢复快。 备份时间长
增量备份 增量备份是指在一次全备份或上一次增量备份后，以后每次的备份只需备份 与前一次相比增加和者被修改的文件。这就意味着，第一次增量备份的对象 是进行全备后所产生的增加和修改的文件；第二次增量备份的对象是进行第一次增量 备份后所产生的增加和修改的文件，如此类推。 没有重复的备份数据 备份时间短 恢复数据时必须按一定的顺序进行
差异备份 备份上一次的完全备份后发生变化的所有文件。 差异备份是指在一次全备份后到进行差异备份的这段时间内 对那些增加或者修改文件的备份。在进行恢复时，我们只需对第一次全量备份和最后一次差异备份进行恢复。

3.2 mysql备份工具mysqldump

//语法：
    mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables ...]
    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
    
//常用的OPTIONS：
    -uUSERNAME      //指定数据库用户名
    -hHOST          //指定服务器主机，请使用ip地址
    -pPASSWORD      //指定数据库用户的密码
    -P#             //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307

3.2.1 备份整个数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school
Database changed

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student          |
| teacher          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//备份整个数据库(全备)
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' --all-databases > all-$(date +%F-%T).sql 
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 836
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 851541 6月  12 16:19 all-2020-06-12-16:19:49.sql
-rw-------. 1 root root   1257 4月   8 02:56 anaconda-ks.cfg

[root@localhost ~]# file all-2020-06-12-16\\:19\\:49.sql 
all-2020-06-12-16:19:49.sql: UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines

3.2.2 备份school库的student表和teacher表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p school student teacher > table-$(date +%F-%T).sql
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-2020-06-12-16:19:49.sql  anaconda-ks.cfg  table-2020-06-12-16:26:22.sql

[root@localhost ~]# file table-2020-06-12-16\\:26\\:22.sql 
table-2020-06-12-16:26:22.sql: ASCII text

3.2.2 备份school库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases school > school-$(date +%F-%T).sql
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-2020-06-12-16:19:49.sql  school-2020-06-12-16:32:15.sql
anaconda-ks.cfg              table-2020-06-12-16:26:22.sql
[root@localhost ~]# file school-2020-06-12-16\\:32\\:15.sql 
school-2020-06-12-16:32:15.sql: ASCII text

3.3 mysql数据恢复

//删除school库
mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#恢复school库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p < school-2020-06-12-16\\:32\\:15.sql 
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e \'show databases;\'
Enter password: 
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+



//删除schoool库的teacher表和student表
mysql> drop table teacher;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table student;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)


#恢复teacher表和student表
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> source table-2020-06-12-16:26:22.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
.....
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student          |
| teacher          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)





//模拟删除整个数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#恢复整个数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p < all-2020-06-12-16\\:19\\:49.sql 
Enter password: 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e \'show databases;\'
Enter password: 
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

3.4 差异备份与恢复

3.4.1. mysql差异备份

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysqldata
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/mysqldata/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve

server-id=1			//设置服务器标识符
log-bin=mysql_bin	//开启二进制日志功能

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

对数据库进行完全备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables from school;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student          |
| teacher          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from school.student;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   20 |
|  2 | jerry |   23 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from school.teacher;
+----+----------+------+-------+
| id | name     | age  | slary |
+----+----------+------+-------+
|  1 | laowang  |   30 | 11000 |
|  2 | laozhang |   40 | 15000 |
+----+----------+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


#完全备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases --delete-master-logs > all-20200612.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases --delete-master-logs > all-20200612.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 1676
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 851541 6月  12 16:19 all-2020-06-12-16:19:49.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 851693 6月  12 17:16 all-20200612.sql

//新增内容
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   20 |
|  2 | jerry |   23 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert student(name,age) value(\'natasha\',25);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update student set age=17 where name=\'jerry\';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;
+----+---------+------+
| id | name    | age  |
+----+---------+------+
|  1 | tom     |   20 |
|  2 | jerry   |   17 |
|  3 | natasha |   25 |
+----+---------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3.4.2. mysql差异备份恢复

模拟误删数据

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' -e \'drop database school;\'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' -e \'show databases;;\'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

刷新创建新的二进制日志

[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/mysqldata/
总用量 122992
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       56 6月   9 11:19 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1680 6月   9 11:19 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1680 6月   9 11:19 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      510 6月  12 16:59 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 6月  12 17:21 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 6月  12 17:21 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 6月   9 11:19 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 6月  12 17:16 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    30936 6月  12 16:59 localhost.localdomain.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 6月  12 16:55 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      878 6月  12 17:21 mysql_bin.000004
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       19 6月  12 17:16 mysql_bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql        5 6月  12 16:59 mysql.pid
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 6月   9 11:19 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 6月   9 11:19 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql      452 6月   9 11:19 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 6月   9 11:19 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 6月   9 11:19 sys

//刷新创建新的二进制日志
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' flush-logs
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/mysqldata/
总用量 122996
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       56 6月   9 11:19 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1680 6月   9 11:19 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1680 6月   9 11:19 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      510 6月  12 16:59 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 6月  12 17:21 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 6月  12 17:21 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 6月   9 11:19 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 6月  12 17:16 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    30936 6月  12 16:59 localhost.localdomain.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 6月  12 16:55 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      925 6月  12 17:24 mysql_bin.000004
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      154 6月  12 17:24 mysql_bin.000005
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       38 6月  12 17:24 mysql_bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql        5 6月  12 16:59 mysql.pid
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 6月   9 11:19 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 6月   9 11:19 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql      452 6月   9 11:19 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 6月   9 11:19 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 6月   9 11:19 sys

恢复完全备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' < all-20200612.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' -e \'show databases;\' 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' -e \'select * from school.student;\' 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   20 |
|  2 | jerry |   23 |
+----+-------+------+
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' -e \'select * from school.teacher;\' 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+----------+------+-------+
| id | name     | age  | slary |
+----+----------+------+-------+
|  1 | laowang  |   30 | 11000 |
|  2 | laozhang |   40 | 15000 |
+----+----------+------+-------+

恢复差异备份

[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/mysqldata/
总用量 124016
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       56 6月   9 11:19 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1680 6月   9 11:19 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1680 6月   9 11:19 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      510 6月  12 16:59 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 6月  12 17:26 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 6月  12 17:26 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 6月   9 11:19 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 6月  12 17:16 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    30936 6月  12 16:59 localhost.localdomain.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 6月  12 17:26 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      925 6月  12 17:24 mysql_bin.000004
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql   833167 6月  12 17:26 mysql_bin.000005
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       38 6月  12 17:24 mysql_bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql        5 6月  12 16:59 mysql.pid
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 6月   9 11:19 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 6月   9 11:19 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql      452 6月   9 11:19 public_key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       96 6月  12 17:26 school
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 6月   9 11:19 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 6月   9 11:19 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 6月   9 11:19 sys

//检查误删数据库的位置在什么地方
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\'
mysql> show binlog events in \'mysql_bin.000004\';
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type     | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                  |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000004 |   4 | Format_desc    |         1 |         123 | Server ver: 5.7.29-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 123 | Previous_gtids |         1 |         154 |                                       |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'ANONYMOUS\'  |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 219 | Query          |         1 |         293 | BEGIN                                 |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 293 | Table_map      |         1 |         349 | table_id: 142 (school.student)        |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 349 | Write_rows     |         1 |         398 | table_id: 142 flags: STMT_END_F       |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 398 | Xid            |         1 |         429 | COMMIT /* xid=496 */                  |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 429 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         494 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'ANONYMOUS\'  |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 494 | Query          |         1 |         568 | BEGIN                                 |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 568 | Table_map      |         1 |         624 | table_id: 142 (school.student)        |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 624 | Update_rows    |         1 |         684 | table_id: 142 flags: STMT_END_F       |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 684 | Xid            |         1 |         715 | COMMIT /* xid=497 */                  |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 715 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         780 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'ANONYMOUS\'  |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 780 | Query          |         1 |         878 | drop database school                  |
| mysql_bin.000004 | 878 | Rotate         |         1 |         925 | mysql_bin.000005;pos=4                |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//使用mysqlbinlog恢复差异备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog --stop-position=780 /opt/mysqldata/mysql_bin.000004 | mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p\'qwer!@#$\' -e \'select * from school.student;\'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+---------+------+
| id | name    | age  |
+----+---------+------+
|  1 | tom     |   20 |
|  2 | jerry   |   17 |
|  3 | natasha |   25 |
+----+---------+------+

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