centos7安装MongoDB
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下载
选择适合自己系统版本的安装包,本文安装环境CentOS 7.
MongoDB的官方网站是https://www.mongodb.com/,可以到官网上下载MongoDB的程序。之所以说是程序,是因为下载的安装包中MongoDB的相关程序已经编译好了,我使用的是mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz
下载到opt目录
[root@node129 opt]# wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz --2020-04-02 17:00:20-- https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz 正在解析主机 fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)... 13.225.176.86, 13.225.176.115, 13.225.176.128, ... 正在连接 fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)|13.225.176.86|:443... 已连接。 已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度:86915344 (83M) [application/x-gzip] 正在保存至: “mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz” 100%[==============================================================================>] 86,915,344 8.49MB/s 用时 10s 2020-04-02 17:00:31 (8.11 MB/s) - 已保存 “mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz” [86915344/86915344])
解压,然后修改文件名
[root@node129 opt]# tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/README mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/MPL-2 mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/GNU-AGPL-3.0 mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongodump mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongorestore mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongoexport mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongoimport mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongostat mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongotop mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/bsondump mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongofiles mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongoreplay mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongoperf mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongod mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongos mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/mongo mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4/bin/install_compass [root@node129 opt]# ls mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4 mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz ORCLfmap Python-3.6.5 Python-3.6.5.tgz rh teradata [root@node129 opt]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4 mongodb [root@node129 opt]# ls mongodb mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.4.tgz ORCLfmap Python-3.6.5 Python-3.6.5.tgz rh teradata
在mongodb目录下创建数据库目录db、创建日志目录logs、创建配置文件目录conf
[root@node129 opt]# cd mongodb/ [root@node129 mongodb]# mkdir db [root@node129 mongodb]# mkdir logs [root@node129 mongodb]# mkdir conf [root@node129 mongodb]# ll 总用量 120 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 2 17:00 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 4月 2 17:01 conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 4月 2 17:01 db -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34520 4月 13 2018 GNU-AGPL-3.0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 4月 2 17:01 logs -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16726 4月 13 2018 MPL-2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2195 4月 13 2018 README -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57190 4月 13 2018 THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES [root@node129 mongodb]# cd conf/ [root@node129 conf]# touch mongodb.conf
在conf下新建配置文件mogodb.conf,并配置以下内容
#端口号,使用默认端口
# bind_ip 设置0000,这样就可以远程访问了
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
port = 27017
#数据库目录
dbpath = /opt/mongodb/db
#日志目录
logpath = /opt/mongodb/logs/mongodb.log
logappend = true
#是否以守护进程的方式运行
fork = true
#是否开启认证模式
auth = true
#是否关闭http管理接口
#nohttpinterface=true
如果提示nohttpinterface不存在,注释了就好了
启动验证
启动
启动mongodb需要使用bin目录下的mongod,如果通过-f 或–config= 来指定配置文件
[root@node129 mongodb]# ./bin/mongod -f conf/mongodb.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 28109 child process started successfully, parent exiting [root@node129 mongodb]# ps -ef | grep mongodb root 28109 1 5 17:16 ? 00:00:00 ./bin/mongod -f conf/mongodb.conf root 28486 3218 0 17:16 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongodb
连接
连接mongodb需要使用bin目录下的mongo
创建账号
> use admin switched to db admin > db.createUser( {user: "admin",pwd: "123456",roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]}) Successfully added user: { "user" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } > db.auth(\'admin\',\'123456\') 1 > show dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB > show tables 2020-04-02T19:08:02.735+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: listCollections failed: { "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listCollections: 1.0, filter: {}, $db: \\"admin\\" }", "code" : 13, "codeName" : "Unauthorized" } : _getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13 DB.prototype._getCollectionInfosCommand@src/mongo/shell/db.js:941:1 DB.prototype.getCollectionInfos@src/mongo/shell/db.js:953:19 DB.prototype.getCollectionNames@src/mongo/shell/db.js:964:16 shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:813:9 shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:710:15 @(shellhelp2):1:1
报错了
重新 操作
> db.auth(\'admin\',\'123456\') 1 > db.grantRolesToUser("admin", [ { role: "read", db: "admin" } ]) > show users { "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "admin" }, { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
#再加一个root角色。否则pycharm 插件连接会报错(
not authorized on test to execute command { listCollections: 1.0 }
)
db.grantRolesToUser("admin", [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ])
> show dbs admin 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB > show tables system.users system.version
创建一个root账号
[root@node129 mongodb]# ./bin/mongo MongoDB shell version v3.6.4 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.6.4 Server has startup warnings: 2020-04-02T17:16:48.698+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: This server is bound to localhost. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Remote systems will be unable to connect to this server. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Start the server with --bind_ip <address> to specify which IP 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** addresses it should serve responses from, or with --bind_ip_all to 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** bind to all interfaces. If this behavior is desired, start the 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** server with --bind_ip 127.0.0.1 to disable this warning. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is \'always\'. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to \'never\' 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is \'always\'. 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to \'never\' 2020-04-02T17:16:48.699+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > show dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB > use admin switched to db admin > db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "123456", roles:["root"]}) Successfully added user: { "user" : "root", "roles" : [ "root" ] }
创建管理员账户
现在需要创建一个帐号,该账号需要有grant权限,即:账号管理的授权权限。注意一点,帐号是跟着库走的,所以在指定库里授权,必须也在指定库里验证(auth)。
添加管理用户:
use admin db.createUser( {user: "admin",pwd: "123456",roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]})
user:用户名
pwd:密码
roles:指定用户的角色,可以用一个空数组给新用户设定空角色;在roles字段,可以指定内置角色和用户定义的角色。role里的角色可以选:
Built-In Roles(内置角色):
1. 数据库用户角色:read、readWrite;
2. 数据库管理角色:dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin;
3. 集群管理角色:clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager;
4. 备份恢复角色:backup、restore;
5. 所有数据库角色:readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、dbAdminAnyDatabase
6. 超级用户角色:root
// 这里还有几个角色间接或直接提供了系统超级用户的访问(dbOwner 、userAdmin、userAdminAnyDatabase)
7. 内部角色:__system
具体角色:
Read:允许用户读取指定数据库
readWrite:允许用户读写指定数据库
dbAdmin:允许用户在指定数据库中执行管理函数,如索引创建、删除,查看统计或访问system.profile
userAdmin:允许用户向system.users集合写入,可以找指定数据库里创建、删除和管理用户
clusterAdmin:只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有分片和复制集相关函数的管理权限。
readAnyDatabase:只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的读权限
readWriteAnyDatabase:只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的读写权限
userAdminAnyDatabase:只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的userAdmin权限
dbAdminAnyDatabase:只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的dbAdmin权限。
root:只在admin数据库中可用。超级账号,超级权限。
刚建立了 userAdminAnyDatabase 角色,用来管理用户,可以通过这个角色来创建、删除用户。
注意,这时候,连接数据库时无验证的。需要将进程kill,修改conf文件
[root@node129 mongodb]# kill -9 XXXX -bash: kill: (32540) - 没有那个进程 [root@node129 mongodb]# ps -ef | grep mongodb
auth = true 在没有设置用户名和密码时 可不用填写
最后,使用root账号,新建一个账号,并分配给其一个数据空间。创建表,插入数据,查询数据
> use admin switched to db admin > db.auth("root","123456") 1 > db.createUser({user: "apple",pwd: "111111",roles: [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "autotest" } ]} ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "apple", "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "autotest" } ] } > db.auth(\'apple\',\'111111\') 1 > use autotest switched to db autotest > db.city.insert({city_id: NumberLong("1"),city:"beijing"}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.find() 2020-04-02T17:32:20.175+0800 E QUERY [thread1] TypeError: db.find is not a function : @(shell):1:1 > db.city.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5e85b10b6e3e210197bf531d"), "city_id" : NumberLong(1), "city" : "beijing" } >
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