Redis系列-存储篇sorted set主要操作命令

Posted 2020-11-26 Serverless和DevOps技术分享

Redis系列-存储篇sorted set主要操作函数小结

redis支持有序集合，即sorted set。sorted set在set的基础上，增加了排序属性，是set的升级版。这里简要谈谈sorted set的常用函数：

1)insert

a)zadd

语法：zadd?key score member?[[score member] [score member] ...]

解释：增加一个或多个member【根据score排序】到有序集key中，如果member已经存在，只更新score。返回增加member个数，不包含已经存在的member

[root@xsf001 ~]# redis-cli 
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD score 230 zhangsan
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd score 240 lisi 250 wangwu
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd score 100 liuli
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd score 249 wangwu
(integer) 0

注意：有些redis版本，只能一次添加一个member

2）select

a）zrange

语法：zrange key start stop [withscores]

解释：返回有续集key中指定范围【通过索引 start stop】的member[及其score]；

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1  #所有元素
1) "liuli"
2) "zhangsan"
3) "lisi"
4) "wangwu"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1 withscores  #所有member及score
1) "liuli"
2) "100"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "230"
5) "lisi"
6) "240"
7) "wangwu"
8) "249"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 2 withscores  #前三个元素
1) "liuli"
2) "100"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "230"
5) "lisi"
6) "240"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -2  #第一个元素到
1) "liuli"
2) "zhangsan"
3) "lisi"

注意：0，表示第一个元素，-1 表示最后一个元素，-2 表示倒数第二个元素

b）zcount

语法：zcount key min max

解释：统计key中score值介于min 和max之间的member个数

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "100"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "230"
5) "lisi"
6) "240"
7) "wangwu"
8) "249"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zcount score 230 240  # count（score >=230 && score <=240）
(integer) 2

c) zscore

语法：zscore key member

解释：返回有续集key中member的score

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zscore score liuli
"100"

d）zrevrange

语法：zrevrange key start stop [withscores]

解释：返回有续集key中指定范围[通过索引start stop]的member[及score]，返回member根据score按降序排列

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange score 0 -1 withscores
1) "wangwu"
2) "249"
3) "lisi"
4) "240"
5) "zhangsan"
6) "230"
7) "liuli"
8) "100"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange score 1 -2
1) "lisi"
2) "zhangsan"

注意：索引0 表示第一个元素，-1 最后一个元素，-2 倒数第二个元素；依次类推

e）zrangebyscore

语法：zrangebyscore key min max [withscores] [limit offset count]

解释：返回有续集key中，score大于等于min并且小于等于max的member。返回结果按照score递增的次序排列。可选withscores决定返回结果集中仅仅返回member还是返回member和score；可选参数limit 指定返回结果的数量区间。

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore score 100 10000 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "100"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "230"
5) "lisi"
6) "240"
7) "wangwu"
8) "249"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore score 100 10000  limit 1 3
1) "zhangsan"
2) "lisi"
3) "wangwu"

f）zrevrangebyscore

语法：zrevrangescore key max min [withscores] [limit offset count]

解释：返回有续集key中score<=max并且score>=min 的元素，返回结果根据score从大到小顺序排列。可选参数withscores决定结果集中是否包含score，可选参数limit 指定返回结果集范围。

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrangebyscore score 0 10000
(empty list or set)
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrangebyscore score 10000 0
1) "wangwu"
2) "lisi"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "liuli"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrangebyscore score 10000 0 withscores limit 0, 2
1) "wangwu"
2) "249"
3) "lisi"
4) "240"

注意：max在min之前

g）zrank

语法：zrank key member

解释：根据score从低到高，返回member在有续集中的index

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1
1) "liuli"
2) "zhangsan"
3) "lisi"
4) "wangwu"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrank score liuli
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrank score wangwu
(integer) 3

h）zrevrank

语法：zrevrank key member

解释：根据score从高到低排序，返回member在有序集key中的index

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1
1) "liuli"
2) "zhangsan"
3) "lisi"
4) "wangwu"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank score liuli
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank score wangwu
(integer) 0

i)zcard

语法：zcard key

解释：返回有续集key的基数

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zcard score
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zcard stdu  #有续集不存在返回0
(integer) 0

3）update

a）zincrby

语法：zincrby key increment member

解释：有续集key的member增加增量increment，返回增加后的score

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zscore score liuli
"100"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby score 300 liuli
"400"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zscore score liuli
"400"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> <span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">zincrby </span>score 500 xie
"500"
注意：如果member在key中不存在，则新增个member

4）delete

a）zrem

语法：zrem key member [member ...]

解释：移除有续集中的一个或多个member，返回移除member的个数

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1
1) "zhangsan"
2) "lisi"
3) "wangwu"
4) "liuli"
5) "xie"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrem score xie wwww  #www不存在
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1
1) "zhangsan"
2) "lisi"
3) "wangwu"
4) "liuli"

注意:如果member不存在，则忽略

b）zremrangebyrank

语法：zremrangebyrank key start stop

解释：移除有续集中指定排名范围【start stop】的元素，返回移除元素个数

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1
1) "zhangsan"
2) "lisi"
3) "wangwu"
4) "liuli"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyrank score 0 1
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1
1) "wangwu"
2) "liuli"

注意：如果stop在start之前，则移除0个

c）zremrangebyscore

语法：zremrangebyscore key min max

解释：移除有续集中的member，移除member的score大于等于min小于等于max；返回移除元素个数

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1 withscores
1) "wangwu"
2) "249"
3) "liuli"
4) "400"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore score 248 250
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "400"

5）其他

a）zinterstore

语法：zinterstore destination numkeys ?key[key...] [weights weight] [aggregate sum|min|max]

解释：统计多个有续集的交集，其中有续集key的个数必须以numkeys参数指定，并将统计结果存储到destination。默认情况下，destination中元素的score是各个有续集key中元素的score之和。使用weights为每个有续集指定个乘法因子，每个有续集的score在传递给集合函数（aggregate）之前，先乘以乘法因子。如果没指定乘法因子weight，默认是1；使用aggregate选项指定交集的聚合方式。min，最小score，max，最大score，sum，求和。

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1 withscores
1) "lisi"
2) "20"
3) "liuli"
4) "400"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score1 0 -1 withscores
1) "wangwu"
2) "20"
3) "liuli"
4) "30"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore dest 2 score score1 #交集求和 sum（score.member.score * 1 + score1.member.score * 1）
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "430"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore dest 2 score score1 weights 1 2 #交集求和，sum（score.member.score * 1 + score1.member.score * 2）
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "460"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore dest 2 score score1 aggregate min #交集求最小值，min（score.member.score * 1 , score1.member.score * 1）
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "30"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore dest 2 score score1 aggregate max #交集求最大值 max（score.member.score * 1 , score1.member.score * 1）
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "400"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore dest 2 score score1 aggregate sum  #交集求和，sum（score.member.score * 1 , score1.member.score * 1）
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "430"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zinterstore dest 2 score score1 weights 1 2 aggregate min #交集求最小值 min（score.member.score * 1 , score1.member.score * 2）
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "liuli"
2) "60"

b）zunionstore

语法：zunionstore destination numkeys ?key[key...] [weights weight] [aggregate sum|min|max]

解释：统计多个有续集的并集，其中有续集key的个数必须以numkeys参数指定，并将统计结果存储到destination。。默认情况下，destination中元素的score是各个有续集key中元素的score之和。weights指定乘法因子，aggregate指定聚合方式，详情，请参阅?zinterstore 中介绍

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score 0 -1 withscores
1) "lisi"
2) "20"
3) "liuli"
4) "400"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange score1 0 -1 withscores
1) "wangwu"
2) "20"
3) "liuli"
4) "30"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore dest 2 score score1 #交集求和 sum（score.member.score * 1 , score1.member.score * 1）
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "lisi"
2) "20"
3) "wangwu"
4) "20"
5) "liuli"
6) "430"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore dest 2 score score1  weights 1 2 aggregate sum #交集求和 sum（score.member.score * 1 , score1.member.score * 2）
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "lisi"
2) "20"
3) "wangwu"
4) "40"
5) "liuli"
6) "460"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore dest 2 score score1  weights 1 2 aggregate max #交集最大值 max（score.member.score * 1 , score1.member.score * 2）
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "lisi"
2) "20"
3) "wangwu"
4) "40"
5) "liuli"
6) "400"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore dest 2 score score1  weights 2 4 aggregate min #交集最小值 min（score.member.score * 2 , score1.member.score * 4）
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange dest 0 -1 withscores
1) "lisi"
2) "40"
3) "wangwu"
4) "80"
5) "liuli"
6) "120"

提醒:sorted set的所有函数，请用下面方式查看

[root@xsf001 ~]# redis-cli 
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> help @sorted_set