MySQL鍒嗗尯绫诲瀷

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鏍囩锛?a href='http://www.mamicode.com/so/1/ati' title='ati'>ati   null   ast   榛樿   鎯呭喌   hash   datetime   

鍗氭枃澶х翰锛?/p>

  • 1銆丷ANGE鍒嗗尯
  • 2銆丩IST鍒嗗尯
  • 3銆丠ASH鍒嗗尯
  • 4銆乲ey鍒嗗尯
  • 5銆丮ySQL鍒嗚〃鍜屽垎鍖虹殑鍖哄埆
  • 6銆侀檮鍔狅細濡備綍瀹炵幇灏嗗垎鍖烘斁鍦ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鐩綍涓嬭繘琛屽瓨鍌?/li>

MySQL鍒嗗尯绫诲瀷濡備笅锛?/p>

  • RANFGE鍒嗗尯
  • LIST鍒嗗尯
  • HASH鍒嗗尯
  • key鍒嗗尯

涓婇潰鐨勫洓绉嶅垎鍖虹殑鏉′欢蹇呴』鏄暣褰紝濡傛灉涓嶆槸鏁村舰闇€瑕侀€氳繃鍑芥暟灏嗗叾杞崲涓烘暣褰€?/strong>

1銆丷ANGE鍒嗗尯

RANGE鍒嗗尯鏄熀浜庡睘浜庝竴涓粰瀹氳繛缁尯闂寸殑鍒楀€硷紝鎶婂琛屽垎閰嶇粰鍒嗗尯銆傝繖浜涘尯闂磋杩炵画涓斾笉鑳界浉浜掗噸鍙狅紝浣跨敤values less than鎿嶄綔绗︽潵杩涜瀹氫箟銆?/p>

鍒涘缓涓€涓猂ANGE鍒嗗尯鏂瑰紡鐨勮〃锛?/p> 

mysql> create table employees (
    -> id int not null,
    -> fname varchar(30),
    -> lname varchar(30),
    -> hired date not null default 鈥?970-01-01鈥?
    -> separated date not null default 鈥?999-12-31鈥?
    -> job_code int not null,
    -> store_id int not null
    -> )
    -> partition by range (store_id) (
    -> partition p0 values less than (6),
    -> partition p1 values less than (11),
    -> partition p2 values less than (16),
    -> partition p3 values less than (21)
    -> );

鎸夌収杩欑鍒嗗尯鏂规锛屽綋鎻掑叆鐨勮褰晄tore_id灏忎簬6锛屼細淇濆瓨鍦╬0杩欎釜鍒嗗尯锛屽鏋渟tore_id灏忎簬11鍒欎細灏嗘暟鎹繚瀛樺湪p1杩欎釜鍒嗗尯.....浠ユ绫绘帹銆備絾鏄湪涓婇潰鐨勫垎鍖烘柟妗堜腑锛屽畾涔夌殑鏈€鍚庝竴涓垎鍖烘槸灏忎簬21鐨勶紝閭ｄ箞锛屽鏋滄鏃舵湁store_id澶т簬鎴栫瓑浜?1鐨勮褰曪紝鍒欎細鎻掑叆澶辫触锛屽洜涓烘暟鎹簱涓嶇煡閬撳簲璇ユ彃鍏ュ埌鍝釜鍒嗗尯涓紝閬垮厤杩欑鎯呭喌鐨勫彂鐢燂紝灏遍渶瑕佸湪鎸囧畾鍒嗗尯鏂规鎴栬€呮柊澧炰竴涓垎鍖猴紝鏈€鍚庝竴涓垎鍖烘寚瀹氱殑鑼冨洿搴旇涓簃axvalue锛岃€屼笉鏄竴涓叿浣撶殑鍊笺€?/p>

鏍规嵁涓婇潰鍒涘缓鐨勮〃锛屽彲浠ユ坊鍔犱竴涓寖鍥翠负maxvalue鐨勫垎鍖猴紝鍛戒护濡備笅锛?/p> 

mysql> alter table employees add partition (partition p4 values less than maxvalue);

濡傛灉鏈€鍚庝竴涓垎鍖烘寚瀹氱殑鑼冨洿鏄痬axvalue锛岄偅涔堝悗鏈熸兂瑕佹坊鍔犲垎鍖虹殑璇濓紝闇€瑕佷娇鐢ㄤ互涓嬫柟寮忥紙浣跨敤绫讳技浜庡垎鍖哄悎骞剁殑鎸囦护锛夛細

mysql> alter table employees reorganize partition p4 into
    -> ( partition p03 values less than (25),
    -> partition p04 values less than maxvalue
    -> );

鍒犻櫎鍒嗗尯鐨勬寚浠ゅ涓嬶紙娉細褰撳垎鍖鸿鍒犻櫎锛岄偅涔堝垎鍖烘墍瀛樺偍鐨勬暟鎹篃灏嗚鍒犻櫎锛屾厧鐢紒锛侊紒锛夛細

mysql> alter table employees drop partition p2;

2銆丩IST鍒嗗尯

LIST鍒嗗尯绫讳技浜嶳ANGE鍒嗗尯锛屽尯鍒湪浜嶭IST鍒嗗尯鏄熀浜庡垪鍊煎尮閰嶄竴涓鏁ｅ€奸泦鍚堜腑鐨勬煇涓€兼潵杩涜閫夋嫨銆侺IST鍒嗗尯閫氳繃浣跨敤鈥減artition by list锛坋xpr锛夆€濇潵瀹炵幇锛屽叾涓€渆xpr鈥濇槸鏌愬垪鍊兼垨涓€涓熀浜庢煇涓垪鍊笺€佸苟杩斿洖涓€涓暣鏁板€肩殑琛ㄨ揪寮忥紝鐒跺悗閫氳繃鈥渧alues in锛坴alue_list锛夆€濈殑鏂瑰紡鏉ュ畾涔夋瘡涓垎鍖猴紝鍏朵腑鈥渧alue_list鈥濇槸涓€涓€氳繃閫楀彿鍒嗛殧鐨勬暣鏁板垪琛ㄣ€?/p>

鍒涘缓LIST鍒嗗尯绫诲瀷涓句緥锛?/strong>

mysql> create table employees (
    -> id int not null,
    -> fname varchar(30),
    -> lname varchar(30),
    -> hired date not null default 鈥?970-01-01鈥?
    -> separated date not null default 鈥?100-12-31鈥?
    -> job_code int,
    -> store_id int
    -> )
    -> partition by list(store_id)(
    -> partition pNorth values in (3,5,6,9,17),
    -> partition pEast values in (1,2,10,11,19,20),
    -> partition pWest values in (4,12,13,14,18),
    -> partition pCentral values in (7,8,15,16)
    -> );

鍦ㄤ笂闈㈠垱寤虹殑琛ㄤ腑锛屽鏋滄彃鍏ヤ竴涓猻tore_id涓?2锛堜笉鍦ㄥ畾涔夌殑鍒嗗垪琛ㄤ腑锛夌殑鏁版嵁锛岄偅涔堝皢浼氭彃鍏ュけ璐ワ紝濡備笅锛?/p>

鎶€鏈浘鐗? src=

澶辫触鐨勫師鍥犲氨鏄細LIST鍒嗗尯娌℃湁绫讳技濡傗€淰ALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE鈥濊繖鏍风殑鍖呭惈鍏朵粬鍊煎湪鍐呯殑瀹氫箟銆傚皢瑕佸尮閰嶇殑浠讳綍鍊奸兘
蹇呴』鍦ㄥ€煎垪琛ㄤ腑鎵惧埌銆?/p>

瑙ｅ喅鍔炴硶灏辨槸澧炲姞鏈夎繖涓€肩殑鍒嗗尯锛屽涓?

mysql>  alter table employees add partition (partition p4 values ins (22,23,24));

3銆丠ASH鍒嗗尯

杩欑妯″紡鍏佽DBA閫氳繃瀵硅〃鐨勪竴涓垨澶氫釜鍒楃殑Hash Key杩涜璁＄畻锛屾渶鍚庨€氳繃杩欎釜Hash鐮佷笉鍚屾暟鍊煎搴旂殑鏁版嵁鍖哄煙杩涜鍒嗗尯銆?hash鍒嗗尯鐨勭洰鐨勬槸灏嗘暟鎹潎鍖€鐨勫垎甯冨埌棰勫厛瀹氫箟鐨勫悇涓垎鍖轰腑锛屼繚璇佸悇鍒嗗尯鐨勬暟鎹噺澶ц嚧涓€鑷淬€傚湪range鍜宭ist鍒嗗尯涓紝蹇呴』鏄庣‘鎸囧畾涓€涓粰瀹氱殑鍒楀€兼垨鍒楀€奸泦鍚堝簲璇ヤ繚瀛樺湪鍝釜鍒嗗尯涓紱鑰屽湪hash鍒嗗尯涓紝MySQL鑷姩瀹屾垚杩欎簺宸ヤ綔锛岀敤鎴锋墍瑕佸畾涓€涓垪鍊兼垨鑰呰〃杈惧紡锛屼互鍙婃寚瀹氳鍒嗗尯鐨勮〃灏嗚琚垎鍓叉垚鐨勫垎鍖烘暟閲忋€?/p>

1锛夊垱寤篽ash鍒嗗尯鐨勮〃

mysql> create table t_hash(a int(11),b datetime) partition by hash(year(b)) partitions 4;

涓婅堪鍒涘缓琛ㄧ殑鍛戒护涓紝浣跨敤浜唝ear鍑芥暟鏉ユ彁鍙朾鍒椾腑鐨勫勾浠芥潵鍋氬垎鍖虹殑渚濇嵁锛岄€氳繃partitions鏉ユ寚瀹氶渶瑕?涓垎鍖恒€?/p>

2锛夋彃鍏ユ祴璇曟暟鎹?/h4> 
mysql> insert into t_hash values(1,鈥?010-04-01鈥?;

涓婅堪鎸囦护鎻掑叆鐨勬暟鎹皢琚瓨鏀惧湪p2鍒嗗尯锛岃绠楁柟娉曞涓嬶細

鎶€鏈浘鐗? src=

鏌ョ湅information_schema搴撲腑鐨刾artitions涔熷彲浠ユ煡鐪嬪埌p2鍒嗗尯涓細鏈?鏉¤褰曪紝濡備笅锛?/p> 

mysql> select * from information_schema.partitions where table_schema=鈥榯est001鈥?and table_name=鈥榯_hash鈥榎G

杩斿洖缁撴灉濡備笅锛?/p>

鎶€鏈浘鐗? src=

涓婇潰鐨勪緥瀛愬苟涓嶈兘鎶婃暟鎹潎鍖€鐨勫垎甯冨埌鍚勪釜鍒嗗尯锛屽洜涓烘寜鐓EAR鍑芥暟杩涜鐨勶紝璇ュ€兼湰韬槸绂绘暎鐨勩€傚鏋滃杩炵画鐨勫€艰繘琛孒ASH鍒嗗尯锛屽鑷闀跨殑涓婚敭锛屽垯鍙互杈冨ソ鍦板皢鏁版嵁骞冲潎鍒嗗竷銆?/p>

4銆乲ey鍒嗗尯

key鍒嗗尯鍜宧ash鍒嗗尯鐩镐技锛屼笉鍚屽湪浜巋ash鍒嗗尯鏄敤鎴疯嚜瀹氫箟鍑芥暟杩涜鍒嗗尯锛宬ey鍒嗗尯浣跨敤mysql鏁版嵁搴撴彁渚涚殑鍑芥暟杩涜鍒嗗尯锛孨DB cluster浣跨敤MD5鍑芥暟鏉ュ垎鍖猴紝瀵逛簬鍏朵粬瀛樺偍寮曟搸mysql浣跨敤鍐呴儴鐨刪ash鍑芥暟銆?/p>

鍒涘缓涓€涓猭ey鍒嗗尯鐨勮〃锛?/p> 

mysql> create table t_key(a int(11), b datetime) partition by key(b) partitions 4;

濡傛灉鍚庢湡闇€瑕佹柊澧炲垎鍖猴紝浣跨敤浠ヤ笅鎸囦护鍗冲彲锛?/p> 

mysql> alter table t_key add partition partitions 5;

涓婅堪鎸囦护鏄柊澧炰簡5涓垎鍖猴紝涔熷氨鏄锛岀幇鍦╰_key杩欎釜琛ㄤ竴鍏辨湁9涓垎鍖轰簡銆?/p>

娉細 mysql-5.5寮€濮嬫敮鎸丆OLUMNS鍒嗗尯锛屽彲瑙嗕负RANGE鍜孡IST鍒嗗尯鐨勮繘鍖栵紝COLUMNS鍒嗗尯鍙互鐩存帴浣跨敤闈炴暣褰㈡暟鎹繘琛屽垎鍖恒€侰OLUMNS鍒嗗尯鏀寔浠ヤ笅鏁版嵁绫诲瀷锛?鎵€鏈夋暣褰紝濡侷NT SMALLINT
TINYINT BIGINT銆侳LOAT鍜孌ECIMAL鍒欎笉鏀寔銆?鏃ユ湡绫诲瀷锛屽DATE鍜孌ATETIME銆傚叾浣欐棩鏈熺被鍨嬩笉鏀寔銆傚瓧绗︿覆绫诲瀷锛屽CHAR銆乂ARCHAR銆丅INARY鍜孷ARBINARY銆侭LOB鍜孴EXT绫诲瀷涓嶆敮鎸併€?COLUMNS鍙互浣跨敤澶氫釜鍒楄繘琛屽垎鍖恒€?/strong>

5銆丮ySQL鍒嗚〃鍜屽垎鍖虹殑鍖哄埆

1锛?瀹炵幇鏂瑰紡涓?/h4>
  • mysql鐨勫垎琛ㄦ槸鐪熸鐨勫垎琛紝涓€寮犺〃鍒嗘垚寰堝琛ㄥ悗锛屾瘡涓€涓皬琛ㄩ兘鏄畬鏁寸殑涓€寮犺〃锛岄兘瀵瑰簲涓変釜鏂囦欢锛屼竴涓?MYD鏁版嵁鏂囦欢锛?MYI绱㈠紩鏂囦欢锛?frm琛ㄧ粨鏋勬枃浠躲€?/li>
  • 鍒嗗尯涓嶄竴鏍凤紝涓€寮犲ぇ琛ㄨ繘琛屽垎鍖哄悗锛屽畠杩樻槸涓€寮犺〃锛屼笉浼氬彉鎴愪簩寮犺〃锛屼絾鏄畠瀛樻斁鏁版嵁鐨勫尯鍧楀彉澶氫簡

2锛夋暟鎹鐞嗕笂

  • 鍒嗚〃鍚庯紝鏁版嵁閮芥槸瀛樻斁鍦ㄥ垎琛ㄩ噷锛屾€昏〃鍙槸涓€涓澹筹紝瀛樺彇鏁版嵁鍙戠敓鍦ㄤ竴涓竴涓殑鍒嗚〃閲岄潰銆?/li>
  • 鍒嗗尯鍛紝涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ垎琛ㄧ殑姒傚康锛屽垎鍖哄彧涓嶈繃鎶婂瓨鏀炬暟鎹殑鏂囦欢鍒嗘垚浜嗚澶氬皬鍧楋紝鍒嗗尯鍚庣殑琛ㄥ憿锛岃繕鏄竴寮犺〃锛屾暟鎹鐞嗚繕鏄敱鑷繁鏉ュ畬鎴愩€?/li>

3锛夋彁楂樻€ц兘涓?/h4>
  • 鍒嗚〃鍚庯紝鍗曡〃鐨勫苟鍙戣兘鍔涙彁楂樹簡锛岀鐩業/O鎬ц兘涔熸彁楂樹簡銆傚洜涓烘煡瀵讳竴娆℃墍鑺辩殑鏃堕棿鍙樼煭浜嗭紝濡傛灉鍑虹幇楂樺苟鍙戠殑璇濓紝鎬昏〃鍙互鏍规嵁涓嶅悓鐨勬煡璇紝灏嗗苟鍙戝帇鍔涘垎鍒颁笉鍚岀殑灏忚〃閲岄潰銆?/li>
  • mysql鎻愬嚭浜嗗垎鍖虹殑姒傚康锛屼富瑕佹槸鎯崇獊鐮寸鐩業/O鐡堕锛屾兂鎻愰珮纾佺洏鐨勮鍐欒兘鍔涳紝鏉ュ鍔爉ysql鎬ц兘銆?/li>
  • 鍦ㄨ繖涓€鐐逛笂锛屽垎鍖哄拰鍒嗚〃鐨勪晶閲嶇偣涓嶅悓锛屽垎琛ㄩ噸鐐规槸瀛樺彇鏁版嵁鏃讹紝濡備綍鎻愰珮mysql骞跺彂鑳藉姏涓婏紱鑰屽垎鍖哄憿锛屽浣曠獊鐮寸鐩樼殑璇诲啓鑳藉姏锛屼粠鑰岃揪鍒版彁楂榤ysql鎬ц兘鐨勭洰鐨勩€?/li>

4锛夊疄鐜扮殑闅炬槗搴︿笂

  • 鍒嗚〃鐨勬柟娉曟湁寰堝锛岀敤merge鏉ュ垎琛紝鏄渶绠€鍗曠殑涓€绉嶆柟寮忋€傝繖绉嶆柟寮忚窡鍒嗗尯闅炬槗搴﹀樊涓嶅锛屽苟涓斿绋嬪簭浠ｇ爜鏉ヨ鍙互鍋氬埌閫忔槑鐨勩€傚鏋滄槸鐢ㄥ叾浠栧垎琛ㄦ柟寮忓氨姣斿垎鍖洪夯鐑︿簡銆?/li>
  • 鍒嗗尯瀹炵幇鏄瘮杈冪畝鍗曠殑锛屽缓绔嬪垎鍖鸿〃锛屽拰寤哄钩甯哥殑琛ㄦ病浠€涔堝尯鍒紝骞朵笖瀵瑰紑浠ｇ爜绔潵璇存槸閫忔槑鐨勩€?/li>

5锛?鍏朵粬鍖哄埆

  • 閮借兘鎻愰珮mysql鐨勬€ч珮锛屽湪楂樺苟鍙戠姸鎬佷笅閮芥湁涓€涓壇濂界殑琛ㄧ幇銆?/li>
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[root@mysql ~]# mkdir /data
[root@mysql ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data

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    -> id int not null auto_increment,
    -> name varchar(30) not null default 鈥樷€?
    -> primary key(id)) default charset=utf8 auto_increment=1
    -> partition by range(id)(
    -> partition p1 values less than (3) data directory 鈥?data/area1鈥?
    -> partition p2 values less than (6) data directory 鈥?data/area2鈥?
    -> partition p3 values less than (9) data directory 鈥?data/area3鈥?;

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