MySQL实现一条sql完成多条数据的更新

Posted 2020-11-20

原始功能：

• update categories SET display_order= 3,title = ‘New Title 1‘ where id=1;

• update categories SET display_order= 4,title = ‘New Title 2‘ where id=2;

• update categories SET display_order= 5,title = ‘New Title 3‘ where id=3;

功能改进：

UPDATE categories SET
    display_order = CASE id
        WHEN 1 THEN 3
        WHEN 2 THEN 4
        WHEN 3 THEN 5
    END,
    title = CASE id
        WHEN 1 THEN ‘New Title 1‘
        WHEN 2 THEN ‘New Title 2‘
        WHEN 3 THEN ‘New Title 3‘
    END
WHERE id IN (1,2,3)

---

php自动生成sql

$data = [
    [‘id‘ => 1, ‘parent_id‘ => 100, ‘title‘ => ‘A‘, ‘sort‘ => 1],
    [‘id‘ => 2, ‘parent_id‘ => 100, ‘title‘ => ‘A‘, ‘sort‘ => 3],
    [‘id‘ => 3, ‘parent_id‘ => 100, ‘title‘ => ‘A‘, ‘sort‘ => 5],
    [‘id‘ => 4, ‘parent_id‘ => 100, ‘title‘ => ‘B‘, ‘sort‘ => 7],
    [‘id‘ => 5, ‘parent_id‘ => 101, ‘title‘ => ‘A‘, ‘sort‘ => 9],
];

例如，我们想让parent_id为100、title为A的记录依据不同id批量更新：

/**
 * 批量更新函数
 * @param $data array 待更新的数据，二维数组格式
 * @param array $params array 值相同的条件，键值对应的一维数组
 * @param string $field string 值不同的条件，默认为id
 * @return bool|string
 */
function batchUpdate($data, $field, $params = [])
{
   if (!is_array($data) || !$field || !is_array($params)) {
      return false;
   }

    $updates = parseUpdate($data, $field);
    $where = parseParams($params);

    // 获取所有键名为$field列的值，值两边加上单引号，保存在$fields数组中
    // array_column()函数需要PHP5.5.0+，如果小于这个版本，可以自己实现，
    // 参考地址：http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-column.php#118831
    $fields = array_column($data, $field);
    $fields = implode(‘,‘, array_map(function($value) {
        return "‘".$value."‘";
    }, $fields));

    $sql = sprintf("UPDATE `%s` SET %s WHERE `%s` IN (%s) %s", ‘post‘, $updates, $field, $fields, $where);

   return $sql;
}

/**
 * 将二维数组转换成CASE WHEN THEN的批量更新条件
 * @param $data array 二维数组
 * @param $field string 列名
 * @return string sql语句
 */
function parseUpdate($data, $field)
{
    $sql = ‘‘;
    $keys = array_keys(current($data));
    foreach ($keys as $column) {

        $sql .= sprintf("`%s` = CASE `%s` 
", $column, $field);
        foreach ($data as $line) {
            $sql .= sprintf("WHEN ‘%s‘ THEN ‘%s‘ 
", $line[$field], $line[$column]);
        }
        $sql .= "END,";
    }

    return rtrim($sql, ‘,‘);
}

/**
 * 解析where条件
 * @param $params
 * @return array|string
 */
function parseParams($params)
{
   $where = [];
   foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
      $where[] = sprintf("`%s` = ‘%s‘", $key, $value);
   }

   return $where ? ‘ AND ‘ . implode(‘ AND ‘, $where) : ‘‘;
}

---

调用:

echo batchUpdate($data, ‘id‘, [‘parent_id‘ => 100, ‘title‘ => ‘A‘]);

生成sql

WHEN ‘1‘ THEN ‘1‘ 
WHEN ‘2‘ THEN ‘2‘ 
WHEN ‘3‘ THEN ‘3‘ 
WHEN ‘4‘ THEN ‘4‘ 
WHEN ‘5‘ THEN ‘5‘ 
END,`parent_id` = CASE `id` 
WHEN ‘1‘ THEN ‘100‘ 
WHEN ‘2‘ THEN ‘100‘ 
WHEN ‘3‘ THEN ‘100‘ 
WHEN ‘4‘ THEN ‘100‘ 
WHEN ‘5‘ THEN ‘101‘ 
END,`title` = CASE `id` 
WHEN ‘1‘ THEN ‘A‘ 
WHEN ‘2‘ THEN ‘A‘ 
WHEN ‘3‘ THEN ‘A‘ 
WHEN ‘4‘ THEN ‘B‘ 
WHEN ‘5‘ THEN ‘A‘ 
END,`sort` = CASE `id` 
WHEN ‘1‘ THEN ‘1‘ 
WHEN ‘2‘ THEN ‘3‘ 
WHEN ‘3‘ THEN ‘5‘ 
WHEN ‘4‘ THEN ‘7‘ 
WHEN ‘5‘ THEN ‘9‘ 
END WHERE `id` IN (‘1‘,‘2‘,‘3‘,‘4‘,‘5‘)  AND `parent_id` = ‘100‘ AND `title` = ‘A‘

---

参考文章：

PHP批量更新