42-2 mysql备份与恢复
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02 mysql备份与恢复
实战：percona-xtrabackup备份还原数据库
原服务器：source 192.168.1.133 CentOS7.2
备份服务器：restore 192.168.1.132 CentOS7.2
1、使用indobackupex进行完全备份
[[email protected] ~]# yum install percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> show table status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: classes
Engine: InnoDB
Version: 10
Row_format: Compact
Rows: 8
Avg_row_length: 2048
Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
Index_length: 0
Data_free: 9437184
Auto_increment: 9
Create_time: 2016-11-19 22:01:43
Update_time: NULL
Check_time: NULL
Collation: utf8_general_ci
Checksum: NULL
Create_options:
Comment:
确保Engine为： InnoDB
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf /data/binlogs/*
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
添加
innodb_file_per_table=ON
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[[email protected] ~]# mysql < all.sql
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/mysql/
aria_log.00000001 hellodb ib_logfile0 mydb performance_schema
aria_log_control ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql test
[[email protected] ~]# ls /data/mysql/hellodb/
classes.frm coc.ibd db.opt students.frm teachers.ibd
classes.ibd courses.frm scores.frm students.ibd toc.frm
coc.frm courses.ibd scores.ibd teachers.frm toc.ibd
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /backups #创建备份目录
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 30334 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 1038814 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 523472 |
+------------------+-----------+
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --user=root /backups/
[[email protected] ~]# ls /backups/2016-11-20_12-04-51/
backup-my.cnf mydb test xtrabackup_info
hellodb mysql xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_logfile
ibdata1 performance_schema xtrabackup_checkpoints
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
修改
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
为
datadir=/data/mysql
添加
innodb_file_per_table=ON
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# scp -r /backups/2016-11-20_12-04-51/ 192.168.1.132:/root
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /backups
[[email protected] ~]# mv 2016-11-20_12-04-51/ /backups/
#整理
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /backups/2016-11-20_12-04-51/
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backups/2016-11-20_12-04-51/
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/*
[[email protected] ~]# rm -f /data/mysql/ib_logfile*
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> USE hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> SHOW TABLES;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-------------------+
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
2、使用innodbbackupex进行增量备份
[[email protected] ~]# mysq
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> CREATE TABLE testtb (id int);
MariaDB [hellodb]> INSERT INTO testtb VALUES (1),(10),(99);
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM testtb;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 10 |
| 99 |
+------+
MariaDB [hellodb]> \q
#进行完全备份
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex /backups/
[[email protected] ~]# ls /backups/
2016-11-20_12-55-15
[[email protected] ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> SHOW TABLES;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| testtb |
| toc |
+-------------------+
MariaDB [hellodb]> DROP TABLE coc;
MariaDB [hellodb]> INSERT INTO testtb VALUES (44),(32);
MariaDB [hellodb]> \q
#增量备份
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --incremental /backups/ --incremental-base=/backups/2016-11-20_12-55-15
#查看备份结果
[[email protected] ~]# less /backups/2016-11-20_13-08-46/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 1655411
to_lsn = 1658073
last_lsn = 1658073
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
#整理完全备份
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backups/2016-11-20_12-55-15/
#整理增量备份并合并入原来的完全备份
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backups/2016-11-20_12-55-15/ --incremental-dir=/backups/2016-11-20_13-08-46
#删除原来数据库
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[[email protected] ~]# rm -rf /data/binlogs/*
#用刚才的备份还原数据库
[[email protected] ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /backups/2016-11-20_12-55-15/
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# ll -h
total 115M
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Nov 20 16:38 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18M Nov 20 16:38 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 48M Nov 20 16:38 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 48M Nov 20 16:38 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Nov 20 16:38 mydb
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Nov 20 16:38 mysql
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Nov 20 16:38 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Nov 20 16:38 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root 38 Nov 20 16:38 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 445 Nov 20 16:38 xtrabackup_info
[[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./*
[[email protected] mysql]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> USE hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM testtb;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 10 |
| 99 |
| 44 |
| 32 |
+------+
3、导出单张表
#完全备份
[[email protected] mysql]# innobackupex /backups/
[[email protected] mysql]# innobackupex --apply-log --export /backups/2016-11-20_16-47-57/
[[email protected] mysql]# cd /backups/2016-11-20_16-47-57/
[[email protected] 2016-11-20_16-47-57]# cd hellodb/
[[email protected] hellodb]# ls
classes.cfg courses.exp scores.exp students.frm teachers.ibd toc.cfg
classes.exp courses.frm scores.frm students.ibd testtb.cfg toc.exp
classes.frm courses.ibd scores.ibd teachers.cfg testtb.exp toc.frm
classes.ibd db.opt students.cfg teachers.exp testtb.frm toc.ibd
courses.cfg scores.cfg students.exp teachers.frm testtb.ibd
[[email protected] ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> use mydb;
MariaDB [mydb]> SHOW TABLES;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_mydb |
+----------------+
| t1 |
| t2 |
| tb1 |
+----------------+
MariaDB [mydb]> CREATE TABLE `students` ( `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `Gender` enum(‘F‘,‘M‘) NOT NULL, `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `TeacherID` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`StuID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=26 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
MariaDB [mydb]> desc students;
+-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| StuID | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| Name | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |
| Age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| Gender | enum(‘F‘,‘M‘) | NO | | NULL | |
| ClassID | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| TeacherID | int(10) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
MariaDB [mydb]> ALTER TABLE students DISCARD TABLESPACE;
MariaDB [mydb]> \q
Bye
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# ls
aria_log.00000001 ib_logfile0 performance_schema
aria_log_control ib_logfile1 test
hellodb mydb xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
ibdata1 mysql xtrabackup_info
[[email protected] mysql]# cd mydb/
[[email protected] mydb]# ls
db.opt students.frm t1.frm t1.ibd t2.frm t2.ibd tb1.frm tb1.ibd
[[email protected] ~]# cd /backups/2016-11-20_16-47-57/hellodb/
[[email protected] hellodb]# ls
classes.cfg courses.exp scores.exp students.frm teachers.ibd toc.cfg
classes.exp courses.frm scores.frm students.ibd testtb.cfg toc.exp
classes.frm courses.ibd scores.ibd teachers.cfg testtb.exp toc.frm
classes.ibd db.opt students.cfg teachers.exp testtb.frm toc.ibd
courses.cfg scores.cfg students.exp teachers.frm testtb.ibd
[[email protected] hellodb]# scp students.exp students.ibd 192.168.1.132:/data/mysql/mydb/
[[email protected] mydb]# chown mysql.mysql students.*
测试结果：数据导出成功，导入不成功！
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