centos7 mysql数据库安装和配置

Posted 2020-11-15 ╰☆水の若蓝

 

一、系统环境

 

yum update升级以后的系统版本为

[root@mysql ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

 

二、mysql安装

 

 

一般网上给出的资料都是

#yum install mysql
#yum install mysql-server
#yum install mysql-devel

安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功，但是安装mysql-server失败，如下：

[root@mysql ~]# yum install mysql-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile No package mysql-server available. Error: Nothing to do

 

 

  

 

 

查资料发现是CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了。

 

有两种解决办法：

1、方法一：安装mariadb

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。

安装mariadb，大小59 M。

[root@mysql ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb 

 

mariadb数据库的相关命令是：

启动MariaDB: [root@mysql ~]# systemctl start mariadb 停止MariaDB: [root@mysql ~]# systemctl stop mariadb 重启MariaDB: [root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mariadb 设置开机启动: [root@mysql ~]# systemctl enable mariadb 取消开机启动: [root@mysql ~]# systemctl disable mariadb

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

所以先启动数据库

[root@mysql ~]# systemctl start mariadb

然后就可以正常使用mysql了  

[root@mysql ~]# systemctl start mariadb

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:    （首次登录密码为空） Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------------+ | Database                    | +--------------------------+ | information_schema   | | mysql             　  　　 | | performance_schema | | test                            | +--------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

设置密码

MariaDB [(none)]> set password for \'root\'@\'localhost\' =password(\'redhat\'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>

 

 

 

 

 

安装mariadb后显示的也是 MariaDB [(none)]> ，可能看起来有点不习惯。下面是第二种方法。

 

2、方法二：官网下载安装mysql-server

[root@mysql ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm [root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]   [root@mysql ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 Sep 5 09:05 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1309 Sep 5 09:05 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 649 Sep 5 09:05 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Sep 5 09:05 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Sep 5 09:05 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1331 Sep 5 09:05 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6639 Sep 5 09:05 CentOS-Vault.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 Oct 2 2017 epel.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1050 Oct 2 2017 epel-testing.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1209 Jan 29 2014 mysql-community.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1060 Jan 29 2014 mysql-community-source.repo

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 [root@mysql ~]# yum install mysql-community-server

 安装成功后重启mysql服务。

 [root@mysql ~]# service mysqld restart

 

初次安装mysql，root账户没有密码。

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.45 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------------+ | Database                    | +--------------------------+ | information_schema   | | mysql                         | | performance_schema | +--------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

设置密码

mysql> set password for \'root\'@\'localhost\' =password(\'redhat\'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>

 

 

 

 

 

不需要重启数据库即可生效。

在mysql安装过程中如下内容：

 

 

 

所以安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb [root@mysql ~]#

 

 

 

 

三、配置mysql

 

1、编码

mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf

最后加上编码配置

[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid [mysql] default-character-set =utf8 !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。

[root@mysql ~]# vim /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml

 

 

 

2、远程连接设置

把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户。

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password:     (密码是:redhat) Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MariaDB connection id is 6 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@\'%\'identified by \'redhat\'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

如果是新用户而不是root，则要先新建用户

MariaDB [(none)]> create user \'admin\'@\'%\' identified by \'Xuanbao123456\'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

 

 

 

此时就可以进行远程连接了。

[root@c1 ~]# mysql -uadmin -p -h192.168.122.20 Enter password:     (密码是:Xuanbao123456) Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MariaDB connection id is 7 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

新增用户并授权

新建mpm_config用户： MariaDB [(none)]> create user \'mpm_config\'@\'%\' identified by \'8vVA2DhIC31yfDKW\'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)   创建mpm_config库： MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE mpm_config /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mpm_config | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)   给用户授权对应库： MariaDB [(none)]> grant update,insert,delete,select on mpm_config.* to mpm_config; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)