多实例：MySQL系列之二
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mysql的多实例配置
? 在一台物理机中需要多个测试环境，那么就需要用到了搭建数据库的多个实例，多个实例的意思就是运行多份程序，实例与实例之间没有影响。要注意监听的端口需要不同。
环境：CentOS7.5，编译安装MariaDB-10.2.15版本，软件安装目录：
/app/mysql/
? 1）创建运行的目录环境
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /mysqldb/{3306,3307,3308}/{etc,socket,pid,log,data,bin}
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldb/? 2）初始化数据库
[[email protected] ~]# cd /app/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3306/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3307/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3308/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql/以上是编译安装的，安装目录为/app/mysql/，需要先进入软件的安装目录然后执行初始化脚本，如果是yum安装的包，则直接运行
mysql_install_db命令即可
? 3）提供配置文件并按需要修改
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3306/etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3307/etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /mysqldb/3308/etc/my.cnf[[email protected] mysqldb]# cd /mysqldb/
[[email protected] mysqldb]# vim 3306/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
datadir = /mysqldb/3306/data
socket = /mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock
[[email protected] mysqldb]# vim 3307/etc/my.cnf #按以上配置示例更改
[[email protected] mysqldb]# vim 3308/etc/my.cnf? 4）提供服务启动脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cat mysqld #脚本示例
#!/bin/bash
port=3306 #需要修改为当前实例的端口号
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
cmd_path="/app/mysql/bin" #安装目录下的bin
mysql_basedir="/mysqldb" #实例数据库文件所在目录
mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf &> /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown
fi
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: ${mysql_basedir}/${port}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac[[email protected] ~]# cp mysqld /mysqldb/3306/bin/
[[email protected] ~]# cp mysqld /mysqldb/3307/bin/
[[email protected] ~]# cp mysqld /mysqldb/3308/bin/
[[email protected] ~]# vim /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld
port=3306
[[email protected] ~]# vim /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld
port=3307
[[email protected] ~]# vim /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld
port=3308? 5）修改脚本文件权限，防止密码被别人看到
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld ? 6）启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld stop #保证自己原来的服务停止，释放3306端口
[[email protected] ~]# /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld start #启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl #如果看到三个实例监听的端口都打开后说明服务启动正常
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3307 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3308 :::*? 7）连接测试
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock #使用-S指定套接字文件
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port'; #查看端口是否是3306
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port | 0 |
| large_files_support | ON |
| port | 3306 |
| report_port | 3306 |
+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock #再连接测试一下3307和3308
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port | 0 |
| large_files_support | ON |
| port | 3307 |
| report_port | 3307 |
+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3308/socket/mysql.sock
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| extra_port | 0 |
| large_files_support | ON |
| port | 3308 |
| report_port | 3308 |
+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)多实例搭建成功！
? 8）使用这条命令来停止实例
[[email protected] ~]# /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld stop? 9）最后一步：给root用户加个密码把~
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("your_password") where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | centos7 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| root | ::1 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |
| | localhost | |
| | centos7 | |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock -uroot -p'your_password' #指定密码，再次登录OK~最后将你的密码加入
bin/mysqld脚本文件中，防止服务无法启动
@^_^@ 2018.06.04 23:27
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