c语言指针链表做的学生管理系统，当录入一个人后，再删除这个人，最后去浏览是，编译器会出现屯屯屯，跪

Posted 2023-04-13

c语言指针链表做的学生管理系统，当录入一个人后，再删除这个人，最后去浏览是，编译器会出现屯屯屯，跪求大神！

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "windows.h"
int shoudsave=0; /* */
struct student

char num[10];/* 学号 */
char name[20];
char sex[4];
int cgrade;
int mgrade;
int egrade;
int totle;
int ave;
char neartime[10];/* 最近更新时间 */
;
typedef struct node

struct student data;
struct node *next;
Node,*Link;
void menu()

printf("********************************************************************************");
printf("\t1登记学生资料\t\t\t\t\t2删除学生资料\n");
printf("\t3查询学生资料\t\t\t\t\t4修改学生资料\n");
printf("\t5保存学生资料\t\t\t\t\t0退出系统\n");
printf("********************************************************************************\n");

void printstart()

printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

void Wrong()

printf("\n=====>提示:输入错误!\n");

void Nofind()

printf("\n=====>提示:没有找到该学生!\n");

void printc() /* 本函数用于输出中文 */

printf(" 学号\t 姓名 性别 英语成绩 数学成绩 C语言成绩 总分 平均分\n");

void printe(Node *p)/* 本函数用于输出英文 */

printf("%-12s%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t %d\t %d\n",p->data.num,p->data.name,p->data.sex,p->data.egrade,p->data.mgrade,p->data.cgrade,p->data.totle,p->data.ave);

Node* Locate(Link l,char findmess[],char nameornum[]) /* 该函数用于定位连表中符合要求的接点，并返回该指针 */

Node *r;
if(strcmp(nameornum,"num")==0) /* 按学号查询 */

r=l->next;
while(r!=NULL)

if(strcmp(r->data.num,findmess)==0)
return r;
r=r->next;


else if(strcmp(nameornum,"name")==0) /* 按姓名查询 */

r=l->next;
while(r!=NULL)

if(strcmp(r->data.name,findmess)==0)
return r;
r=r->next;


return 0;

void Add(Link l) /* 增加学生 */

Node *p,*r,*s;
char num[10];
r=l;
s=l->next;
while(r->next!=NULL)
r=r->next; /* 将指针置于最末尾 */
while(1)

printf("请你输入学号(以'0'返回上一级菜单:)");
scanf("%s",num);
if(strcmp(num,"0")==0)
break;
while(s)

if(strcmp(s->data.num,num)==0)

printf("=====>提示:学号为'%s'的学生已经存在,若要修改请你选择'4 修改'!\n",num);
printstart();
printc();
printe(s);
printstart();
printf("\n");
return;

s=s->next;

p=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
strcpy(p->data.num,num);
printf("请你输入姓名:");
scanf("%s",p->data.name);
getchar();
printf("请你输入性别:");
scanf("%s",p->data.sex);
getchar();
printf("请你输入c语言成绩:");
scanf("%d",&p->data.cgrade);
getchar();
printf("请你输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d",&p->data.mgrade);
getchar();
printf("请你输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%d",&p->data.egrade);
getchar();
p->data.totle=p->data.egrade+p->data.cgrade+p->data.mgrade;
p->data.ave=p->data.totle / 3;
/* 信息输入已经完成 */
p->next=NULL;
r->next=p;
r=p;
shoudsave=1;


void Qur(Link l) /* 查询学生 */

int sel;
char findmess[20];
Node *p;
if(!l->next)

printf("\n=====>提示:没有资料可以查询!\n");
return;

printf("\n=====>1按学号查找\n=====>2按姓名查找\n");
scanf("%d",&sel);
if(sel==1)/* 学号 */

printf("请你输入要查找的学号:");
scanf("%s",findmess);
p=Locate(l,findmess,"num");
if(p)

printf("\t\t\t\t查找结果\n");
printstart();
printc();
printe(p);
printstart();

else
Nofind();

else if(sel==2) /* 姓名 */

printf("请你输入要查找的姓名:");
scanf("%s",findmess);
p=Locate(l,findmess,"name");
if(p)

printf("\t\t\t\t查找结果\n");
printstart();
printc();
printe(p);
printstart();

else
Nofind();

else
Wrong();

void Del(Link l) /* 删除 */

int sel;
Node *p,*r;
char findmess[20];
if(!l->next)

printf("\n=====>提示:没有资料可以删除!\n");
return;

printf("\n=====>1按学号删除\n=====>2按姓名删除\n");
scanf("%d",&sel);
if(sel==1)

printf("请你输入要删除的学号:");
scanf("%s",findmess);
p=Locate(l,findmess,"num");
if(p)

r=l;
while(r->next!=p)
r=r->next;
r->next=p->next;
free(p);
printf("\n=====>提示:该学生已经成功删除!\n");
shoudsave=1;

else
Nofind();

else if(sel==2)

printf("请你输入要删除的姓名:");
scanf("%s",findmess);
p=Locate(l,findmess,"name");
if(p)

r=l;
while(r->next!=p)
r=r->next;
r->next=p->next;
free(p);
printf("\n=====>提示:该学生已经成功删除!\n");
shoudsave=1;

else
Nofind();

else
Wrong();

void Modify(Link l)

Node *p;
char findmess[20];
if(!l->next)

printf("\n=====>提示:没有资料可以修改!\n");
return;

printf("请你输入要修改的学生学号:");
scanf("%s",findmess);
p=Locate(l,findmess,"num");
if(p)

printf("请你输入新学号(原来是%s):",p->data.num);
scanf("%s",p->data.num);
printf("请你输入新姓名(原来是%s):",p->data.name);
scanf("%s",p->data.name);
getchar();
printf("请你输入新性别(原来是%s):",p->data.sex);
scanf("%s",p->data.sex);
printf("请你输入新的c语言成绩(原来是%d分):",p->data.cgrade);
scanf("%d",&p->data.cgrade);
getchar();
printf("请你输入新的数学成绩(原来是%d分):",p->data.mgrade);
scanf("%d",&p->data.mgrade);
getchar();
printf("请你输入新的英语成绩(原来是%d分):",p->data.egrade);
scanf("%d",&p->data.egrade);
p->data.totle=p->data.egrade+p->data.cgrade+p->data.mgrade;
p->data.ave=p->data.totle/3;
printf("\n=====>提示:资料修改成功!\n");
shoudsave=1;

else
Nofind();

void Disp(Link l)

int count=0;
Node *p;
p=l->next;
if(!p)

printf("\n=====>提示:没有资料可以显示!\n");
return;

printf("\t\t\t\t显示结果\n");
printstart();
printc();
printf("\n");
while(p)

printe(p);
p=p->next;

printstart();
printf("\n");

void Tongji(Link l)

Node *pm,*pe,*pc,*pt,*pa; /* 用于指向分数最高的接点 */
Node *r=l->next;
if(!r)

printf("\n=====>提示:没有资料可以统计!\n");
return ;

pm=pe=pc=pt=pa=r;
while(r!=NULL)

if(r->data.cgrade>=pc->data.cgrade)
pc=r;
if(r->data.mgrade>=pm->data.mgrade)
pm=r;
if(r->data.egrade>=pe->data.egrade)
pe=r;
if(r->data.totle>=pt->data.totle)
pt=r;
if(r->data.ave>=pa->data.ave)
pa=r;
r=r->next;

printf("------------------------------统计结果--------------------------------\n");
printf("总分最高者:\t%s %d分\n",pt->data.name,pt->data.totle);
printf("平均分最高者:\t%s %d分\n",pa->data.name,pa->data.ave);
printf("英语最高者:\t%s %d分\n",pe->data.name,pe->data.egrade);
printf("数学最高者:\t%s %d分\n",pm->data.name,pm->data.mgrade);
printf("c语言最高者:\t%s %d分\n",pc->data.name,pc->data.cgrade);
printstart();

void Sort(Link l)

Link ll;
Node *p,*rr,*s;
ll=(Link)malloc(sizeof(Node)); /* 用于做新的连表 */
ll->next=NULL;
if(l->next==NULL)

printf("\n=====>提示:没有资料可以排序!\n");
return ;

p=l->next;
while(p)

s=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); /* 新建接点用于保存信息 */
s->data=p->data;
s->next=NULL;
rr=ll;
while(rr->next!=NULL && rr->next->data.totle>=p->data.totle)
rr=rr->next;
if(rr->next==NULL)
rr->next=s;
else

s->next=rr->next;
rr->next=s;

p=p->next;

free(l);
l->next=ll->next;
printf("\n=====>提示:排序已经完成!\n");

void Save(Link l)

FILE* fp;
Node *p;
int flag=1,count=0;
fp=fopen("c:\\student","wb");
if(fp==NULL)

printf("\n=====>提示:重新打开文件时发生错误!\n");
exit(1);

p=l->next;
while(p)

if(fwrite(p,sizeof(Node),1,fp)==1)

p=p->next;
count++;

else

flag=0;
break;


if(flag)

printf("\n=====>提示:文件保存成功.(有%d条记录已经保存.)\n",count);
shoudsave=0;

fclose(fp);

void main()

Link l;/* 连表 */
FILE *fp; /* 文件指针 */
int sel;
char ch;
char jian;
int count=0;
Node *p,*r;
printf("\t\t\t\t学生成绩管理系统\n\t\t\t\t----------------------实验项目\n");
l=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
l->next=NULL;
r=l;
fp=fopen("C:\\student","rb");
if(fp==NULL)

printf("\n=====>提示:文件还不存在，是否创建？(y/n)\n");
scanf("%c",&jian);
if(jian=='y'||jian=='Y')
fp=fopen("C:\\student","wb");
else
exit(0);

printf("\n=====>提示:文件已经打开,正在导入记录......\n");
while(!feof(fp))

p=(Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if(fread(p,sizeof(Node),1,fp)) /* 将文件的内容放入接点中 */

p->next=NULL;
r->next=p;
r=p; /* 将该接点挂入连中 */
count++;


fclose(fp); /* 关闭文件 */
printf("\n=====>提示:记录导入完毕,共导入%d条记录.\n",count);
while(1)

menu();
printf("请你选择操作:");
scanf("%d",&sel);
if(sel==0)

if(shoudsave==1)
getchar();
printf("\n=====>提示:资料已经改动,是否将改动保存到文件中(y/n)?\n");
scanf("%c",&ch);
if(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
Save(l);

printf("\n=====>提示:你已经退出系统,再见!\n");
break;

switch(sel)

case 1:Add(l);break; /* 增加学生 */
case 2:Del(l);break;/* 删除学生 */
case 3:Qur(l);break;/* 查询学生 */
case 4:Modify(l);break;/* 修改学生 */
case 5:Save(l);break;/* 保存学生 */
case 9:printf("\t\t\t==========帮助信息==========\n");break;
default: Wrong();getchar();break;


Sleep(100);

/* */ 参考技术A #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
# define LEN sizeof(struct Student)
struct Student 
char num[10];  
char name[20]; 
char sex[10];  
int age;       
char phone[12];
char qq[12];   
float cscore; 
float escore;  
struct Student *next;
;
char filename[30];
struct Student *Creat(int n) 
void menu_print_in(void);
struct Student *head;
struct Student *p1, *p2;

system("cls");
for(int i=1;i<n+1;i++) 
p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN);
menu_print_in();
scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%f%f",p1->num,p1->name,p1->sex,
&p1->age,p1->phone,p1->qq,&p1->cscore,&p1->escore);
p1->next = NULL;
if(i==1) 
head = p2 = p1;

else 
p2->next = p1;
p2 = p1;


return(head);

void WriteData_wb(struct Student *head) 
FILE *fp;
struct Student *p;
if((fp = fopen(filename, "wb"))==NULL)
printf("\\a error! Can not open the file!");
p = head;
while(p!=NULL) 
if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1) 
printf("写入数据出错\\n");
fclose(fp);
return;

p=p->next;

fclose(fp);

void WriteData_ab(struct Student *head) 
FILE *fp;
struct Student *p;
if((fp = fopen(filename, "ab"))==NULL)
printf("\\a error! Can not open the file!");
p = head;
while(p!=NULL) 
if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1) 
printf("写入数据出错\\n");
fclose(fp);
return;

p=p->next;

fclose(fp);

struct Student *ReadData(void) 
struct Student *head = NULL;
struct Student *p1, *p2;//s = p1;p = p2;
FILE *fp;
if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb+"))==NULL)

printf("打开文件出错\\n");
exit(0);

while(!feof(fp)) 
if((p1=(struct Student*)malloc(LEN))==NULL)
printf("内存申请出错\\n");
fclose(fp);
exit(0);

if(fread(p1,LEN,1,fp)!=1)
free(p1);
break;

if(head==NULL)
head=p2=p1;
else
p2->next=p1;
p2=p1;


fclose(fp);
return (head);

void Print_inquire_all(void) 
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do 
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s  %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f\\n",
pt->num,pt->name,pt->sex,pt->age,pt->phone,pt->qq,pt->cscore,
pt->escore,(pt->cscore+pt->escore)/2,pt->cscore+pt->escore);
pt = pt->next;
while(pt!=NULL);
printf("\\n\\n");

int Print_inquire_num() 
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
char str_num[10];
printf("◎请输入您要查询的学号:");
scanf("%s", str_num);
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do 
if(strcmp(pt->num,str_num)==0) 
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s  %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f\\n",
pt->num,pt->name,pt->sex,pt->age,pt->phone,pt->qq,pt->cscore,
pt->escore,(pt->cscore+pt->escore)/2,pt->cscore+pt->escore);
printf("\\n\\n");
return 0;

pt = pt->next;
while(pt!=NULL);
printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\\n");
printf("\\n\\n");
return 0;

int Print_inquire_name() 
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
char str_name[20];
printf("◎请输入您要查询的姓名:");
scanf("%s", str_name);
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do 
if(strcmp(pt->name,str_name)==0) 
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s  %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f\\n",
pt->num,pt->name,pt->sex,pt->age,pt->phone,pt->qq,pt->cscore,
pt->escore,(pt->cscore+pt->escore)/2,pt->cscore+pt->escore);
printf("\\n\\n");
return 0;

pt = pt->next;
while(pt!=NULL);
printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\\n");
printf("\\n\\n");
return 0;

int Print_inquire_fuzzy(void) 
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
char str_find[20];
int m = 0;
printf("◎请输入您要查询的关键词:");
scanf("%s", str_find);
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do 
if(strstr(pt->num,str_find)!=0||strstr(pt->name,str_find)!=0
||strstr(pt->sex,str_find)!=0||strstr(pt->phone,str_find)!=0
||strstr(pt->qq,str_find)!=0) 
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s  %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f %4.1f\\n",
pt->num,pt->name,pt->sex,pt->age,pt->phone,pt->qq,pt->cscore,
pt->escore,(pt->cscore+pt->escore)/2,pt->cscore+pt->escore);
m = 1;

pt = pt->next;
while(pt!=NULL);
if(!m)
printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\\n");
printf("\\n\\n");
return 0;

int Print_inquire_stats(void) 
struct Student *head, *p1;
float CMIN, CMAX, EMIN, EMAX, SMIN, SMAX;
head = ReadData();
p1 = head;
CMIN = CMAX = p1->cscore;
EMIN = EMAX = p1->escore;
SMIN = SMAX = p1->cscore + p1->escore;
while(p1->next!=NULL) 
if(p1->cscore > CMAX) 
CMAX = p1->cscore;

if(p1->cscore < CMIN) 
CMIN = p1->cscore;

if(p1->escore > EMAX) 
EMAX = p1->escore;

if(p1->escore < EMIN) 
EMIN = p1->escore;

if((p1->cscore + p1->escore) > SMAX) 
SMAX = (p1->cscore + p1->escore);

if((p1->cscore + p1->escore) < SMIN) 
SMIN = (p1->cscore + p1->escore);

p1 = p1->next;

printf("\\n");
printf("◎数据库中C语言最高分为:%4.1f \\n", CMAX);
printf("◎数据库中C语言最低分为:%4.1f \\n\\n", CMIN);
printf("◎数据库中英语最高分为:%4.1f \\n", EMAX);
printf("◎数据库中英语最低分为:%4.1f \\n\\n", EMIN);
printf("◎数据库中总成绩最高分为:%4.1f \\n", SMAX);
printf("◎数据库中总成绩最低分为:%4.1f \\n\\n", SMIN);
printf("\\n");
printf("【PS:更多统计功能更在开发中,敬请期待O(∩_∩)O】\\n\\n");
return 0;


/*【1】修改数据之删除记录*/
int Delete() 
struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
char str_num[20];
printf("\\n◎请输入您要删除的学号信息:");
scanf("%s", str_num);
pt1 = ReadData();
pt2 = pt1->next;
head = pt1;
while(pt2!=NULL) 
if(strcmp(pt1->num,str_num)==0) 
WriteData_wb(pt2);

else if(strcmp(pt2->num,str_num)==0) 
pt1->next = pt2->next;
WriteData_wb(head);

pt2 = pt2->next;
pt1 = pt1->next;

if(pt2!=NULL)
printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\\n");
printf("\\n\\n");
return 0;


/*【2】修改数据之修改记录*/
int Amend() 
void menu_print_in(void);
struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
char str_num[20];
printf("◎请输入您要修改的学号信息:");
scanf("%s", str_num);
pt1 = ReadData();
pt2 = pt1->next;
head = pt1;
while(pt2!=NULL) 
if(strcmp(pt1->num,str_num)==0) 
menu_print_in();
scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%f%f",pt1->num,pt1->name,pt1->sex,
&pt1->age,pt1->phone,pt1->qq,&pt1->cscore,&pt1->escore);
WriteData_wb(head);

else if(strcmp(pt2->num,str_num)==0) 
menu_print_in();
scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%f%f",pt2->num,pt2->name,pt2->sex,
&pt2->age,pt2->phone,pt2->qq,&pt2->cscore,&pt2->escore);
WriteData_wb(head);

pt2 = pt2->next;
pt1 = pt1->next;

if(pt2!=NULL)
printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\\n");
return 0;

int Neaten() 
struct Student *first;
struct Student *tail;
struct Student *p_min;
struct Student *min;
struct Student *p;
struct Student *head;
head = ReadData();
first = NULL;
while(head!=NULL) 
for(p=head,min=head; p->next!=NULL; p=p->next) 
if(strcmp(p->next->num,min->num)<0) 
p_min = p;
min = p->next;


if(first==NULL) 
first = min;
tail = min;

else 
tail->next = min;
tail = min;

if(min==head) 
head = head->next;

else 
p_min->next = min->next;


if(first!=NULL) 
tail->next = NULL;

head = first;

WriteData_wb(head);
return 0;

int Creat_num(void) 
printf("\\n◎请输入您此次要添加的数据个数:");
int n;
if(scanf("%d", &n)!=1) 
printf("\\a error!");

return n;

int File_name() 
printf("\\n◎请输入您想要打开的文件:");
if(scanf("%s", filename)!=1)
printf("\\a error!");
return 0;

void menu(void) 
void menu_add(void);
void menu_inquire(void);
void menu_amend(void);
printf("              ╭════════╮              \\n");
printf("╭══════╣学生管理系统V1.0╠══════╮\\n");
printf("║            ╰════════╯            ║\\n");
printf("║   【1】添加数据           【3】修改数据    ║\\n");
printf("║                                            ║\\n");
printf("║   【2】查询数据           【4】退出系统    ║\\n");
printf("║                                            ║\\n");
printf("╰══════════════════════╯\\n");
printf("◎请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\\b\\b");

int a = 0;
a = getchar();

while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='4') 
printf("error! please input the right number!\\n");
putchar('\\a');
getchar();
printf("◎请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\\b\\b");
a = getchar();

switch(a) 
case '1': File_name();menu_add();
break;
case '2': File_name();menu_inquire();
break;
case '3': File_name();menu_amend();
break;
case '4': exit(0);
break;

getchar();


/*二级菜单之添加数据*/
void menu_add(void) 
system("cls");
getchar();
printf("              ╭════════╮              \\n");
printf("╭══════╣  添加数据方式  ╠══════╮\\n");
printf("║            ╰════════╯            ║\\n");
printf("║ 【1】新建文件 【2】增添数据 【3】返回菜单  ║\\n");
printf("║                                            ║\\n");
printf("╰══════════════════════╯\\n");
printf("◎请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\\b\\b");

int a = 0;
a = getchar();

while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3') 
printf("error! please input the right number!\\n");
putchar('\\a');
getchar();
printf("◎请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\\b\\b");
a = getchar();

switch(a) 
case '1': WriteData_wb(Creat(Creat_num()));
 printf("\\n◎新建文件成功且数据已成功保存◎\\n");
 system("pause");
 system("cls");
 menu_add();
break;
case '2': WriteData_ab(Creat(Creat_num()));
 printf("\\n◎数据已成功添加◎\\n");
 system("pause");
 system("cls");
 menu_add();
break;
case '3': system("cls");
 getchar();
 menu();
break;



/*二级菜单之查询数据*/
void menu_inquire(void) 
system("cls");
getchar();
while(1) 
system("cls");
printf("              ╭════════╮              \\n");
printf("╭══════╣  查询数据方式  ╠══════╮\\n");
printf("║            ╰════════╯            ║\\n");
printf("║    【1】全量查询         【4】模糊查询     ║\\n");
printf("║                                            ║\\n");
printf("║    【2】学号查询         【5】成绩统计     ║\\n");
printf("║                                            ║\\n");
printf("║    【3】姓名查询         【6】返回菜单     ║\\n");
printf("╰══════════════════════╯\\n");
printf("◎请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\\b\\b");
int a = 0;
a = getchar();

while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='3'&&a!='4'&&a!='5'&&a!='6') 
printf("error! please input the right number!\\n");
putchar('\\a');
getchar();
printf("◎请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\\b\\b");
a = getchar();

switch(a) 
case '1': Print_inquire_all();system("pause");getchar();
break;
case '2': Print_inquire_num();system("pause");getchar();
break;
case '3': Print_inquire_name();system("pause");getchar();
break;
case '4': Print_inquire_fuzzy();system("pause");getchar();;
break;
case '5': Print_inquire_stats();system("pause");getchar();
break;
case '6': system("cls");getchar();menu();
break;

参考技术B 这个现象一般是内存泄漏或者读取或者删除链表有误造成的！没有添加删除源代码，不好说呀

学生成绩管理系统C（链表）语言

#include"stdio.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
#include"string.h"  //用于调用一些函数
struct person {
    char name[20];
    int ID;
    int chinese;
    int english;
    int math;
    struct person *next;   //连接处的指针
};                                 //由于create里面就有initialize所以先把initialize放在前面

void initialize(struct person *p, int num) {  //初始化链表里面的值
    printf("innitialize person %d
 name is:", num);  //num用于计入输入的第几个同学
    scanf_s("%s", &p->name, sizeof(p->name));
    getchar();
    printf("ID:");
    scanf_s("%d", &p->ID);
    getchar();
    printf("chinese:");
    scanf_s("%d", &p->chinese);
    getchar();
    printf("math:");
    scanf_s("%d", &p->math);
    getchar();
    printf("english:");
    scanf_s("%d", &p->english);
    getchar();
}

struct person *create(int len) {
    int num = 0;
    struct person *h = 0, *c, *pre = 0;
    while (num < len) {
        c = (struct person*)malloc(sizeof(struct person)); //malloc取内存 sizeof为这个内存的大小  然后转化成指针
        if (num == 0) { h = c; pre = c; }  // 如果num=0  h存下了首地址  为以后拿做准备
        c->next = NULL;
        if (num) {
            pre->next = c;  //pre为前一块内存的地址  把后一块的首地址赋给前一块的尾
            pre = c;      //收尾连接后  pre指前一块的功能就完成了  然后再指向现在的内存 为下一次拿内存、赋地址做准备
        }
        initialize(c, num);   //每取一块地址就去输入一次
        ++num;
    }return h;
}
void traverse(struct person *head) {
    int index = 1;    // 用于计数第几个学生
    while (head != NULL) {  //同样一直到后面没有地址结束
        printf("name is: %s	 ID is:%d	  chinese is:%d	  englishi is:%d	  math is:%d
", head->name, head->ID, head->chinese, head->english, head->math);
        head = head->next;  //前一个输完后就要指向下一块地址
        ++index;
    }
}

int getlength(struct person *head) {
    int num = 0;
    while (head != NULL) {    //当head指向后面没有了 它就是NULL  结束
        ++num;
        head = head->next;  //如果head 不是NULL ++num后要把head指针指向最后
    }return num;
}

//增加学生信息
void append_node(struct person *h) {
    struct person *t = h, *p;
    while (t->next != NULL) {      
        t = t->next;
    }p = (struct person *)malloc(sizeof(struct person));
    initialize(p, 0);
    p->next = NULL;    
    t->next = p;
    traverse(h);
}


//删除
struct person * delete_ID(struct person *head, int ID, int len) {
    struct person *t = head;
    struct person *temp;
    for (int i = 0; i < (len - 1); ++i) {
        if (i == 0) {
            if (head->ID == ID) {  head = head->next;  free(t); traverse(head); return head; }
            if ((t->next)->ID == ID) {
                temp = t->next;
                t->next = (t->next)->next;
                free(temp); traverse(head); return head;
            }
        }
        if (i != 0) {
            if ((t->next)->ID == ID) {
                temp = t->next;
                t->next = (t->next)->next;
                free(temp); traverse(head); return head;
            }t = t->next;
        }
    }return head;
}

//学号查询
void search_ID(struct person *head, int ID) {
    while (head != NULL) {
        if (head->ID == ID) {
            printf("name is: %s	 ID is:%d	  chinese is:%d	  englishi is:%d  math is:%d
", head->name, head->ID, head->chinese, head->english, head->math);
        }head = head->next;
    }
}

//姓名查询
void search_name(struct person *head, char name[20]) {
    while (head != NULL) {
        if ((strcmp(head->name, name)) == 0) { printf("name is: %s	 ID is:%d	  chinese is:%d	  englishi is:%d  math is:%d
", head->name, head->ID, head->chinese, head->english, head->math); }
        head = head->next;
    }
}

//指定学生修改
void change(struct person *head, char name[20]) {
    while (head != NULL) {
        if (strcmp(head->name, name) == 0) {
            printf(" name is:");
            scanf_s("%s", &head->name, sizeof(head->name));
            getchar();
            printf("ID:");
            scanf_s("%d", &head->ID);
            getchar();
            printf("chinese:");
            scanf_s("%d", &head->chinese);
            getchar();
            printf("english:");
            scanf_s("%d", &head->english);
            getchar();
            printf("math:");
            scanf_s("%d", &head->math);
            getchar();
        }
        head = head->next;
    }
    traverse(head);
}
//数学分数平均数
int average_math(struct person *head, int len) {
    int i = 0, sum = 0, average;
    struct person *t = head;
    while (t != NULL) {
        sum += t->math;
        t = t->next;
    }
    average = (sum / len);
    return average;
}
//英语分数平均数
int average_english(struct person *head, int len) {
    int i = 0, sum = 0, average;
    struct person *t = head;
    while (t != NULL) {
        sum += t->english;
        t = t->next;
    }
    average = (sum / len);
    return average;
}

//语文分数平均数
int average_chinese(struct person *head, int len) {
    int  sum = 0, average;
    struct person *t = head;
    while (t != NULL) {
        sum += t->chinese;
        t = t->next;
    }
    average = (sum / len);
    return average;
}

//成绩区间统计
int statistics_math(struct person*head, int min, int max) {
    int conter = 0;
    while (head!= NULL) {
        if (head->math >= min&&head->math <= max) {
            ++conter;
            printf("name:%s math score:%d
", head->name, head->math);
        }head = head->next;
    }return conter;
}

int statistics_chinese(struct person*head, int min, int max) {
    int conter = 0;
    while (head != NULL) {
        if (head->chinese >= min&&head->chinese <= max) {
            ++conter;
            printf("name:%s chinese score:%d
", head->name, head->chinese);
        }head = head->next;
    }return conter;
}
int statistics_english(struct person*head, int min, int max) {
    int conter = 0;
    while (head != NULL) {
        if (head->english >= min&&head->english <= max) {
            ++conter;
            printf("name:%s english score:%d
", head->name, head->english);
        }head = head->next;
    }return conter;
}

//某名学生的平均成绩
int average_name(struct person*head, char name[20]) {
    int av = 0;
    while (head != NULL) {
        if (strcmp(head->name, name) == 0) { av += head->math; av += head->chinese; av += head->english; }
        head = head->next;
    }
    av = av / 3;
    return av;
}

//排序数学
void rank_math(struct person *h, int len) {
    struct person  *t = h, *pre = h;
    int i, math, chinese, english,ID;
    char name[20];
    t = t->next;
    for (i = 0; i < (len - 1); ++i) {
        while (t != NULL) {
            if ((t->math) >(pre->math)) {
                ID = t->ID; t->ID = pre->ID; pre->ID = ID;
                math = t->math; t->math = pre->math; pre->math = math;
                strcpy_s(name, t->name); strcpy_s(t->name, pre->name); strcpy_s(pre->name, name);
                chinese = t->chinese; t->chinese = pre->chinese; pre->chinese = chinese;
                english = t->english; t->english = pre->english; pre->english = english;
            }
            t = t->next;
        }pre = pre->next; t = pre->next;
    }
    traverse(h);
}
//排序语文
void rank_chinese(struct person *h, int len) {
    struct person  *t = h, *pre = h;
    int i, math, chinese, english,ID;
    char name[20];
    t = t->next;
    for (i = 0; i < (len - 1); ++i) {
        while (t != NULL) {
            if ((t->chinese) >(pre->chinese)) {
                ID = t->ID; t->ID = pre->ID; pre->ID = ID;
                math = t->math; t->math = pre->math; pre->math = math;
                strcpy_s(name, t->name); strcpy_s(t->name, pre->name); strcpy_s(pre->name, name);
                chinese = t->chinese; t->chinese = pre->chinese; pre->chinese = chinese;
                english = t->english; t->english = pre->english; pre->english = english;
            }
            t = t->next;
        }pre = pre->next; t = pre->next;
    }
    traverse(h);
}

//排序英语
void rank_english(struct person *h, int len) {
    struct person  *t = h, *pre = h;
    int i, math, chinese, english,ID;
    char name[20];
    t = t->next;
    for (i = 0; i < (len - 1); ++i) {
        while (t != NULL) {
            if ((t->english) >(pre->english)) {
                ID = t->ID; t->ID = pre->ID; pre->ID = ID;
                math = t->math; t->math = pre->math; pre->math = math;
                strcpy_s(name, t->name); strcpy_s(t->name, pre->name); strcpy_s(pre->name, name);
                chinese = t->chinese; t->chinese = pre->chinese; pre->chinese = chinese;
                english = t->english; t->english = pre->english; pre->english = english;
            }
            t = t->next;
        }pre = pre->next; t = pre->next;
    }
    traverse(h);
}

void release(struct person *head) {
    struct person *n;   //需要一个指针存着下一个地址
    while (head != NULL) {
        n = head->next;  //把n指向下一块要释放的地址
        free(head);
        head = n;   //然后再把head从前一个地址移到下一个地址
    }
}
//取长度
int getlen(struct person *head) {
    int conter = 0;
    struct person*t = head;
    while (t != NULL) {
        ++conter;
        t = t->next;
    }
    return conter;
}
//存入文件
void openfile(struct person *head, int len) {
    FILE *fp;
    struct person*t = head;
    errno_t err;
    int temp;
    char str[100];
    char s[10];
    if ((err = fopen_s(&fp, "D:\学生信息", "w")) != 0)
    {
        printf("文件打开错误
");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("文件打开成功
");
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        strcpy_s(str, t->name);
        fputs("name:", fp);
        fputs(str, fp);
        fputs(": ", fp);

        fputs("ID:", fp);
        sprintf_s(s, "%d", t->ID);
        fputs(s, fp);
        fputs("  ", fp);

        sprintf_s(s, "%d", t->chinese);
        fputs("chinese:", fp);
        fputs(s, fp);
        fputs("  ", fp);

        sprintf_s(s, "%d", t->math);
        fputs("math:", fp);
        fputs(s, fp);
        fputs("  ", fp);

        sprintf_s(s, "%d", t->english);
        fputs("english:", fp);
        fputs(s, fp);
        fputs("
", fp);
        t = t->next;
    }
    return;
}


void menu(struct person *head, int len) {
    int m = 0;
    int min, max;
    int ID = 0;
    int conter = 0;
    char name[20];
    while (1) {
            printf("                      请选择您需要的操作：
");
            printf("                                       0.  遍历学生信息
");
            printf("                                       1.  增加学生信息
");
            printf("                                       2.  删除学生信息
");
            printf("                                       3.  修改学生信息
");
            printf("                                       4.  按姓名查询
");
            printf("                                       5.  按学号查询
");
            printf("                                       6.  语文成绩在某个区间段的人数以及学生
");
            printf("                                       7.  数学成绩在某个区间段的人数以及学生
");
            printf("                                       8.  英语成绩在某个区间段的人数以及学生
");
            printf("                                       9.  语文平均分
");
            printf("                                       10. 数学平均分
");
            printf("                                       11. 英语平均分
");
            printf("                                       12. 某个学生的三科平均成绩
");
            printf("                                       13. 按语文成绩从高到低排序
");
            printf("                                       14. 按数学成绩从高到低排序
");
            printf("                                       15. 按英语成绩从高到底排序
");
            printf("                                       16. 结束功能并把信息写入文件中
");
            scanf_s("%d", &m);
            switch (m) {
            case 0: traverse(head); break;
            case 1: append_node(head); break;
            case 2: {printf("要删除学生信息的学号:");
                scanf_s("%d", &ID);
                head=delete_ID(head, ID, getlen(head)); }break;
            case 3: {printf("需要修改学生信息的同学姓名：");
                scanf_s("%s", &name, sizeof(name));
                change(head, name); }break;
            case 4: {printf("search by name:");
                scanf_s("%s", &name, sizeof(name));
                search_name(head, name); }break;
            case 5: {printf("学号查询：");
                scanf_s("%d", &ID);
                search_ID(head, ID); }break;
            case 6: {printf("请输入语文成绩的区间:");
                printf("min=");
                scanf_s("%d", &min);
                printf("max=");
                scanf_s("%d", &max);
                printf("语文成绩在区间%d到%d之间的学生：%d人
", min, max, statistics_chinese(head, min, max)); }break;
            case 7: {printf("请输入数学成绩的区间:");
                printf("min=");
                scanf_s("%d", &min);
                printf("max=");
                scanf_s("%d", &max);
                printf("数学成绩在区间%d到%d之间的学生:%d人
", min, max, statistics_math(head, min, max)); }break;
            case 8: {printf("请输入英语成绩的区间:");
                printf("min=");
                scanf_s("%d", &min);
                printf("max=");
                scanf_s("%d", &max);
                printf("英语成绩在区间%d到%d之间的学生:共有%d人
", min, max, statistics_english(head, min, max)); }break;
            case 9: { printf("average of chinese is%d", average_chinese(head, getlen(head))); }break;
            case 10: { printf("average of math is%d", average_math(head, getlen(head))); }break;
            case 11: { printf("average of english is%d", average_english(head, getlen(head))); }break;
            case 12: {printf("请输入学生的姓名：");
                scanf_s("%s", &name, sizeof(name));
                printf("%s 的平均成绩为：%d", name, average_name(head, name)); }break;
            case 13: {printf("按照语文成绩从高到底排序：");
                rank_chinese(head, getlen(head)); }break;
            case 14: {printf("按照数学成绩从高到底排序：");
                rank_math(head, getlen(head)); }break;
            case 15: {printf("按照英语成绩从高到底排序：");
                rank_english(head, getlen(head)); }break;
            case 16: openfile(head, getlen(head)); return;
            }
    }
}

int main() {
    struct person *head;
    int len;
    int min, max;
    int ID = 0;
    char name[20];
    printf("请输入学生信息");
    printf("学生人数:");
    scanf_s("%d", &len);  //输入要取的地址多少
    head = create(len);   // 创建地址   在create里面就有初始复制函数嵌套
    traverse(head);    //遍历
    menu(head, getlen(head));
    release(head);       //释放内存
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}