select … into outfile 备份恢复(load data)以及mysqldump时间对比
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select … into outfile \'path\' 备份
此种方式恢复速度非常快,比insert的插入速度要快的多,他跟有备份功能丰富的mysqldump不同的是,他只能备份表中的数据,并不能包含表的结构。如果备份完成之后,表被drop,是无法实现恢复操作的(除非有表结构)。
mysql> select * from t1 into outfile \'/mydata/mysql/mysql3307/data/t1.sql\';
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> show variables like \'%secure%\';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| require_secure_transport | OFF |
| secure_auth | ON |
| secure_file_priv | NULL |
+--------------------------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set secure_file_priv=\'/tmp\';
ERROR 1238 (HY000): Variable \'secure_file_priv\' is a read only variable
mysql> set session secure_file_priv==\'/tmp\';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near \'==\'/tmp\'\' at line 1
mysql>
关闭MYSQL数据库,设置secure_file_priv 目录。
[root@mysql5 ~]# mysqladmin -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -pmysql shutdown
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql5 ~]#
[root@mysql5 ~]#
[root@mysql5 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 3506 2071 0 01:24 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@mysql5 ~]#
vi /etc/my3307.cnf
[mysqld]里面加入
secure_file_priv=/tmp
启动后查看
mysql> show global variables like \'%secu%\';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| require_secure_transport | OFF |
| secure_auth | ON |
| secure_file_priv | /tmp/ |
+--------------------------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
select * from t1 into outfile \'/tmp/t1_onlydata.sql\';
mysql> select * from t1 into outfile \'/tmp/t1_onlydata.sql\';
Query OK, 972864 rows affected (1.12 sec)
mysql> desc t1;
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
全是文本文件数据。
select … into outfile \'path\' 恢复
清除t1表数据,并进行恢复
mysql> truncate table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> desc t1;
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LOAD DATA恢复数据(只能恢复数据)
语法:
LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL] INFILE \'file_name\'
[REPLACE | IGNORE]
INTO TABLE tbl_name
[PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]
[CHARACTER SET charset_name]
[{FIELDS | COLUMNS}
[TERMINATED BY \'string\']
[[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY \'char\']
[ESCAPED BY \'char\']
]
[LINES
[STARTING BY \'string\']
[TERMINATED BY \'string\']
]
[IGNORE number {LINES | ROWS}]
[(col_name_or_user_var
[, col_name_or_user_var] ...)]
[SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT},
[, col_name={expr | DEFAULT}] ...]
load data INFILE \'/tmp/t1_onlydata.sql\' INTO TABLE test.t1;
查看表数据:
恢复成功。
load data 与insert的插入速度对比
于是,我猜想可以用mysqldump进行表结构的备份,用select …into outfile 备份数据,load data 恢复数据,测试两者速度。
创建一张表。
delimiter //
create procedure per2()
begin
declare i int;
set i=1;
while i <= 1000000 do
insert into test.L values(i,\'aaaaa\');
set i=i+1;
end while;
end
//
执行存储过程:
call per2();
//
查看数据(实际我只插入仅14万行数据)
mysqldump备份元数据文件
mysqldump -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -pmysql --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=OFF test L -d > /tmp/L_meta.sql
select … into outfile \'path\' 备份
select * from test.L into outfile \'/tmp/20180525test_Ldata.sql\'
mysqldump备份整个表
mysqldump -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -pmysql --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=OFF test L > /tmp/L_table.sql
恢复时间对比
1、MYSQLdump先恢复表结构(或者直接建表)
先删除,恢复表结构。
恢复表结构:
这核时间很快,就是建一张表的时间,不计算进去对整体时间没有影响。
例如我建表:
建表时间0.03s。
2、load data恢复时间
load data INFILE \'/tmp/20180525test_Ldata.sql\' INTO TABLE test.L;
时间是1.59s。
3、MYSQLDUMP这种插入方式恢复
time mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -pmysql test < /tmp/L_table.sql
将近2s MYSQLDUMP恢复时间。
总结
元数据恢复+LOAD DATA时间一共
T1=0.03+1.59=1.62s
MYSQLDUMP恢复一共花了
T2=1.99s
对于14万数据,load data比mysqldump快了近1/4,对于大数据量,应该快更多,在允许的情况下,可以利用元数据(或者表结构),配合LOAD DATA恢复单表。
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翻译:select into outfile(已提交到MariaDB官方手册)