Oracle10g物理DG详细配置方法及步骤

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--测试环境:
    OS:Redhat linux(64)
    Primary:
    IP:192.168.94.198
    SID:dgdb1
    Hostname:dg1
    DB_UNIQUE_NAME:dgdb1
    Database:10.2.0.1(64)
 
    Standby:
    IP:192.168.94.199
    SID:dgdb1
    Hostname:dg2
    DB_UNIQUE_NAME:dgdb1_s
    Database:10.2.0.1(64)


--实施DG前的准备工作
   --开启数据库logging及数据库archivelog
       --开启数据库logging
          SQL> alter database force logging;
--检查数据库是否开启archivelog
SQL> archive log list; 
--如果数据库未开启archivelog,则要开启archivelog
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog; 
--检查数据库是否开启archivelog
SQL> archive log list;


   --创建相应目录(根据具体情况,primary和standby端要一致)
       --Standby:
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/dgdb1
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/admin/dgdb1/adump
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/admin/dgdb1/bdump
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/admin/dgdb1/cdump
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/admin/dgdb1/udump
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/admin/dgdb1/dpdump
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/admin/dgdb1/pfile 
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/archive
          mkdir -p /export/home/oracle/bak
       --primary:
          mkdir –p /export/home/oracle/archive
          mkdir -p /export/home/oracle/bak


--修改或新增listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora(或者用GUI工具配置)
    --注意:listener.ora 中新增的部分在括号内而非括号外
    --primary端:
--listener.ora:
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dgdb1)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0)
      (SID_NAME = dgdb1)  
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )


--tnsnames.ora
dgdb1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.94.198)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED) 
        (SERVICE_NAME = dgdb1)
    )
  )
  
dgdb1_s =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.94.199)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVER = DEDICATED) 
        (SERVICE_NAME = dgdb1)
    )
  )


   --standby端:
      --listener.ora:
    SID_LIST_LISTENER =
      (SID_LIST =
       (SID_DESC =
        (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
        (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0)
        (PROGRAM = extproc)
        )
        (SID_DESC =
        (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dgdb1)
        (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0)
        (SID_NAME = dgdb1)  
        )
       )
     LISTENER =
      (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg2)(PORT = 1521))
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
      )
      )
    --tnsnames.ora
   dgdb1 =
   (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.94.198)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVER = DEDICATED) 
       (SERVICE_NAME = dgdb1)
      )
     )
  dgdb1_s =
   (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.94.199)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
        (SERVER = DEDICATED) 
        (SERVICE_NAME = dgdb1)
     )
   )


--具体实施DG的步骤:
   --在primary上生成pfile,并修改添加相应参数,生成standby需要的pfile
       --primary端:
         oracle$>sqlplus / as sysdba
         SQL> CREATE PFILE=‘/export/home/oracle/standby.ora‘ FROM SPFILE;
       --编辑生成的pfile文件(‘/export/home/oracle/standby.ora‘),添加如下参数:
         *.db_unique_name=‘dgdb_s‘
         *.fal_server=‘dgdb1‘     
         *.fal_client=‘dgdb_s‘
         *.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=‘DG_CONFIG=(dgdb1,dgdb_s)‘
         *.log_archive_dest_1=‘LOCATION=/export/home/oracle/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb_s‘
         *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=‘SERVICE=dgdb1 LGWR ASYNC=40960 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb1‘
         *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=‘ENABLE‘ 
         *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=‘ENABLE‘
         *.standby_archive_dest=‘/export/home/oracle/archive‘
         *.standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘
    --修改完后拷贝到standby端
      Oracle$Scp /export/home/oracle/standby.ora  [email protected]:/export/home/oracle/
    --在standby端使用pfile启动实例
--在primary端用命令创建数据库密码文件,并接拷贝至standby端相同路径下(如已存在,可直接拷贝)
  --primary端手工创建数据库密码文件
 Oracle$orapwd file=... password=...
  --primary端拷贝数据库密码文件至standby端
 Oracle$Scp /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/database/PWDdgdb1.ora [email protected]:/export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/database
--standby端:
Oracle$set oracle_sid=dgdb1
Oracle$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount pfile=’/export/home/oracle/standby.ora’
SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE=‘/export/home/oracle/standby.ora‘;
    --在primary端修改相应参数
      --primary端:
        Oracle$sqlplus / as sysdba
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT = AUTO scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_server=‘dgdb1_s‘ scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client=‘dgdb1‘ scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=‘DG_CONFIG=(dgdb1_s,dgdb1)‘ scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1=‘LOCATION=/export/home/oracle/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb1‘ scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=‘SERVICE=dgdb1_s LGWR ASYNC=40960 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb1_s‘ scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=‘ENABLE‘ scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=‘ENABLE‘ scope=both;
        SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET standby_archive_dest=‘/export/home/oracle/archive‘ scope=both;


--在primary端开始使用rman备份数据库
  --primary端:
    Oracle$rman target /
    RMAN>backup full format=‘/u01/app/oracle/bak/ora10g_%d_%T_%s‘ database include current controlfile for standby plus archivelog format=‘/u01/app/oracle/bak/arch_%d_%T_%s‘;


  --备份完毕后,把相应备份文件拷贝到丛库的相应目录(目录必须一致)
    Oracle$Scp /export/home/oracle/bak/* [email protected]:/export/home/oracle/bak/

--使用duplicate 还原standby数据库
  --primary端:
    Oracle$rman target / auxiliary sys/[email protected]_s
    RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck dorecover;


--收尾工作及开启dg
  --standby端建立standby log(至少比redo多一组):
    Oracle$sqlplus / as sysdba
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 (‘/export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/dgdb1/redo04.log‘) size 50M;
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 (‘/export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/dgdb1/redo05.log‘) size 50M;
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 (‘/export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/dgdb1/redo06.log‘) size 50M;
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 (‘/export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/dgdb1/redo07.log‘) size 50M;
  --开启服务(standby端):
    SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;


--测试服务是否正常 
  --standby端(看归档日志号):
    SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
  --primary端(强制一个日志切换):
    SQL> alter system switch logfile;
  --standby端(看归档日志号):
    SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
  --standby端(看应用归档日志的号):
    SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;


--实现primary、standby的切换:
  --primary端:
    SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
  --primary端(上一步的结果必须是”TO STANDBY”才可以)
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
    --OR(上一步结果为”SESSIONS ACTIVE”,且解决不掉)
    SQL>ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
  --Primary端:
    SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
    SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
  --standby端:
    SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE; 
  --standby端(上一步的结果必须是”TO STANDBY”才可以):
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
    --OR(上一步结果为”SESSIONS ACTIVE”,且解决不掉)
    SQL>ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
  --打开新的primary:
    SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
    --OR(最后一次启动后以read only模式打开过)
    SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
    SQL> STARTUP;


--在新standby上重新启动log apply services(如果必要):
  SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE;
  --OR(后台模式 )
  SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT;
  --OR(实时应用redo)
  SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE;
  --新primary端(开始发送redo 数据到新standby端):
    SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

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