显示所有数据库:show databases;
ALTER
TABLE
:添加,修改,删除表的列,约束等表的定义。
查看列:
desc
表名;
修改表名:
alter
table
t_book rename
to
bbb;
添加列:
alter
table
表名
add
column
列名
varchar
(30);
删除列:
alter
table
表名
drop
column
列名;
修改列名SQLServer:
exec
sp_rename
‘t_student.name‘
,
‘nn‘
,
‘column‘
;
修改列名Oracle:lter
table
bbb rename
column
nnnnn
to
hh
int
;
修改列属性:
alter
table
t_book
modify
name
varchar
(22);
sp_rename:SQLServer 内置的存储过程,用与修改表的定义。
MySQL 查看约束,添加约束,删除约束 添加列,修改列,删除列
查看表的字段信息:
desc
表名;
查看表的所有信息:show
create
table
表名;
添加主键约束:
alter
table
表名
add
constraint
主键 (形如:PK_表名)
primary
key
表名(主键字段);
添加外键约束:
alter
table
从表
add
constraint
外键(形如:FK_从表_主表)
foreign
key
从表(外键字段)
references
主表(主键字段);
删除主键约束:
alter
table
表名
drop
primary
key
;
删除外键约束:
alter
table
表名
drop
foreign
key
外键(区分大小写);
修改表名:
alter
table
t_book rename
to
bbb;
添加列:
alter
table
表名
add
column
列名
varchar
(30);
删除列:
alter
table
表名
drop
column
列名;
修改列名MySQL:
alter
table
bbb change nnnnn hh
int
;
修改列名SQLServer:
exec
sp_rename
‘t_student.name‘
,
‘nn‘
,
‘column‘
;
修改列名Oracle:
alter
table
bbb rename
column
nnnnn
to
hh
int
;
修改列属性:
alter
table
t_book
modify
name
varchar
(22);
sp_rename:SQLServer 内置的存储过程,用与修改表的定义。
-第一题 查询Student表中的所有记录的Sname、Ssex和Class列。
select Sname,Ssex,Class from student
--第二题 查询教师所有的单位即不重复的Depart列。
select distinct Depart from Teacher
--第三题 查询Student表的所有记录。
select * from student
--第四题 查询Score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录。
select * from Score where Degree between 60 and 80
--第五题 查询Score表中成绩为85,86或88的记录。
select * from Score where Degree in (‘85‘,‘86‘,‘88‘)
--第六题 查询Student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录。
select * from student where Class=‘95031‘ or Ssex=‘女‘
--第七题 以Class降序查询Student表的所有记录。
select * from student order by Class desc
--第八题 以Cno升序、Degree降序查询Score表的所有记录。
select * from Score order by Cno asc,Degree desc
--第九题 查询“95031”班的学生人数。
select count(*) from student where Class=‘95031‘ --*可以换成主键值
--第十题 查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。(子查询或者排序)
select SNO,CNO from Score where Degree=(select MAX(Degree) from Score)
--第十一题 查询每门课的平均成绩。
select Cno,AVG(Degree) as 平均分 from Score group by Cno
select Cname from Course where Cno in (select Cno a from Score group by Cno)
union
select Cno,AVG(Degree) from Score group by Cno
--第十二题 查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数。
select AVG(Degree ) from Score where Cno like ‘3%‘ group by Cno having COUNT(Cno)>4
--第十三题 查询分数大于70,小于90的Sno列。
select sno from Score where Degree between 70 and 90
--第十四题 查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。
select Sname,Cno,Degree from student join Score on student.Sno=Score.Sno
--第十五题 查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。
select Sno,Cname,degree from Score join Course on Course.Cno=Score.Cno
--第十六题 查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。
select student.Sname,Cname,degree from student join Score on student.Sno=Score.Sno join Course on Course.Cno=Score.Cno
--第十七题 查询“95033”班学生的平均分。
select AVG(Degree) from Score where Sno in (select Sno from student where Class=‘95033‘)
select AVG(Degree) from Score,student where student.Sno=Score.Sno and Class=‘95033‘
--第十八题 假设使用如下命令建立了一个grade表:
create table grade(low int,upp int,rank char(1))
insert into grade values(90,100,‘A‘)
insert into grade values(80,89,‘B‘)
insert into grade values(70,79,‘C‘)
insert into grade values(60,69,‘D‘)
insert into grade values(0,59,‘E‘)
--现查询所有同学的Sno、Cno和rank列。
select Sno,Cno,Degree,[RANK] from grade join Score on Score.Degree between low and upp
select Sno,Cno,Degree,[RANK] from Score,grade where Degree between low and upp
--第十九题 查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录。
select * from student,Score where Score.Cno=‘3-105‘ and student.Sno=Score.Sno and Score.Degree>(select Degree from Score where Cno=‘3-105‘ and Sno=‘109‘)
--第二十题 查询score中选学多门课程的同学中分数为非最高分成绩的记录。
select * from Score a where Degree <(select MAX(degree) from Score b where a.Cno=b.Cno) and Sno in(select Sno from Score group by Sno having count(*)>1)
--第二十一题 查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录。
select * from student,Score where student.Sno=Score.Sno and Score.Degree>(select Degree from Score where Cno=‘3-105‘ and Sno=‘109‘)
--第二十二题 查询和学号为107的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。
select Sno,Sname,Sbirthday from student where year(student.Sbirthday)=(select year(Sbirthday) from student where Sno=‘107‘)
--第二十三题 查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩。
--select Degree from Score,Teacher,Course where Teacher.Tname=‘张旭‘ and Teacher.Tno=Course.Tno and Course.Cno=Score.Cno
select Sno,Cno,Degree from Score where Cno in (select Cno from Course where Tno in (select Tno from Teacher where Tname=‘张旭‘))
--第二十四题 查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名。
select Tname from Teacher where Tno in (select Tno from Course where Cno in (select Cno from Score group by Cno having COUNT(*)>5) )
--第二十五题 查询95033班和95031班全体学生的记录。
select * from student where Class=‘95033‘ or Class=‘95031‘
--第二十六题 查询存在有85分以上成绩的课程Cno.
select distinct cno from Score where Degree>85
--第二十七题 查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表。
select sno,Cno ,Degree from Score where Cno in (select Cno from Course where Tno in (select tno from Teacher where Depart=‘计算机系‘))
--第二十八题 查询“计算机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof。使用相关子查询
select Tname,Prof from Teacher a where Prof not in(select Prof from Teacher b where a.Depart!=b.Depart)
--第二十九题 查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序。
select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score a where (select Degree from Score b where Cno=‘3-105‘ and b.Sno=a.Sno)>=(select Degree from Score c where Cno=‘3-245‘ and c.Sno=a.Sno) order by Degree desc
select * from Score where Cno=‘3-105‘ and Degree >any(select Degree from Score where Cno=‘3-245‘)
--第三十题 查询选修编号为“3-105”课程且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree.
select Cno,Sno,Degree from Score a where (select Degree from Score b where Cno=‘3-105‘ and b.Sno=a.Sno)>(select Degree from Score c where Cno=‘3-245‘ and c.Sno=a.Sno)
--第三十一题 查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday.
select distinct Sname as name,Ssex as sex,Sbirthday as birthday from student
union
select distinct Tname as name,Tsex as sex,Tbirthady as birthday from Teacher
--第三十二题 查询所有“女”教师和“女”同学的name、sex和birthday.
select distinct Sname as name,Ssex as sex,Sbirthday as birthday from student where Ssex=‘女‘
union
select distinct Tname as name,Tsex as sex,Tbirthady as birthday from Teacher where Tsex=‘女‘
--第三十三题 查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。
select Sno,Cno,Degree from Score a where a.Degree<(select AVG(Degree) from Score b where a.Cno=b.Cno)
--第三十四题 查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart.
select Tname,Depart from Teacher where Tname in (select distinct Tname from Teacher,Course,Score where Teacher.Tno=Course.Tno and Course.Cno=Score.Cno)
select Tname,Depart from Teacher where tno in (select tno from course where Cno in (select distinct Cno from Score))
--第三十五题 查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart.
select Tname,Depart from Teacher where Tname not in (select distinct Tname from Teacher,Course,Score where Teacher.Tno=Course.Tno and Course.Cno=Score.Cno)
--第三十六题 查询至少有2名男生的班号。
select Class FROM student where Ssex=‘男‘ group by Class having COUNT(*)>1
--第三十七题 查询Student表中不姓“王”的同学记录。
select * from student where Sname not like (‘王%‘)
--第三十八题 查询Student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄。
select Sname,YEAR(GETDATE())-year(Sbirthday) from student
--第三十九题 查询Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值。
select MAX(Sbirthday) as 最大,MIN(Sbirthday) as 最小 from student
--第四十题 以班号和年龄从大到小的顺序查询Student表中的全部记录。
select * from student order by Class desc,Sbirthday asc
--第四十一题 查询“男”教师及其所上的课程。
select Tname,Cname from Teacher,Course where Tsex=‘男‘ and Teacher.Tno=Course.Tno
--第四十二题 查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。
select Sno,Cno,Degree from Score where degree=(select MAX(Degree)from Score)
select top 1* from Score order by Degree desc
--第四十三题 查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname.
select Sname from student where Ssex=(select Ssex from student where Sname=‘李军‘) and Sname not in (‘李军‘)
--第四十四题 查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname.
select Sname from student where Ssex=(select Ssex from student where Sname=‘李军‘) and Sname not in (‘李军‘) and Class=(select Class from student where Sname=‘李军‘)
--第四十五题 查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表。
select Sno,Degree from Score where Sno in (select Sno from student where Ssex=‘男‘) and Cno in (select Cno from Course where Cname=‘计算机导论‘)