CentOS7中安装MySQL5.7

Posted 2020-10-29 PengYunjing

安装必要的组件

yum install –y autoconf automake imake libxml2-devel expat-devel cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel bzr bison libtool ncurses5-devel

下载mysql源安装包

cd /tmp
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

安装mysql源

yum -y localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

检查mysql源是否安装成功

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

如果出现：

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  45                                      
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       59                                      
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 247 

说明mysql源已经安装成功。可以修改vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo源，改变默认安装的mysql版本。比如要安装5.6版本，将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。改完之后的效果如下所示： 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

然后，开始安装mysql

yum -y install mysql-community-server

启动mysql服务

systemctl start mysqld

重启mysql服务

systemctl restart mysqld

查看mysql启动状态

systemctl status mysqld

设置开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

修改root本地登录密码

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

grep \'temporary password\' /var/log/mysqld.log

会如下显示

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: teYD=s(a4wcO

然后，登录mysql修改密码

mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER \'root\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED BY \'MyNewPass6!\';

或者用这种方式修改密码

mysql> set password for \'root\'@\'localhost\'=password(\'MyNewPass6!\');

注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误。

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：

mysql> show variables like \'%password%\';

+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+

validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要 
validate_password_length：密码最少长度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个 
validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个 
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个 
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略：

策略	检查规则
0 or LOW	Length
1 or MEDIUM	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

修改密码策略

在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密码策略

vim /etc/my.cnf

# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件

validate_password_policy=0

如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：

validate_password = off

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld

添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我添加一个新的帐户：

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO \'yangxin\'@\'%\' IDENTIFIED BY \'Yangxin0917!\' WITH GRANT OPTION;

修改配置

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加配置，如下所示：

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect=\'SET NAMES utf8\'
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

重新启动mysql服务

systemctl restart mysqld

登录mysql

mysql -uroot -p

查看数据库

mysql> show variables like \'%character%\';

默认编码如下所示：

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

 

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另附录默认配置文件路径： 
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf 
日志文件：/var/log/var/log/mysqld.log 
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service 
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid