MySQL数据库高可用快速实施方案
Posted
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了MySQL数据库高可用快速实施方案相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
Note：以下为mysql+DRBD+HEARTBEAT快速实施文档，若要用于生产环境，请仔细阅读官方文档并结合实际业务调整参数，涉及数据部署请慎重！！！
（个人建议：在基于个人熟悉服务的情况下并通过测试环境才可在线上使用。）
数据库高可用
MySQL+DRBD+HEARTBEAT实施方案
环境：
mysql-5.5.49 heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64 drbd84-utils-8.9.8-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64 | CentOS release 6.7 (Final) 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 x86_64 |
规划表：
名称 | 接口 | IP | 用途 |
Master | eth0 | 10.0.0.51 | 管理IP |
eth1 | 172.16.1.51 | 心跳线 | |
Backup | eth0 | 10.0.0.52 | 管理IP |
eth1 | 172.16.1.52 | 心跳线 | |
VIP | eth0 | 10.0.0.50 | 提供数据库服务IP |
以下操作除特殊说明外，均为在两台服务器操作
1. 初始化
关闭selinux,iptables
配置主机名，/etc/hosts，/etc/sysconfig/network，配置网络配置
2. 分区
parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0 1024
parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1025 2146
parted /dev/sdb p
3. 主MySQL格式化/dev/sdb1，从MySQL不需要格式化（特殊说明）
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
4. 安装DRBD
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-8.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum install -y drbd84-utils kmod-drbd84
5. 初始化DRBD
modprobe drbd
6. 创建配置资源文件/etc/drbd.d/r0.res
resource r0 {
net {
protocol C;
cram-hmac-alg "sha1";
shared-secret "c4f9375f9834b4e7f0a528cc65c055702bf5f24a";
}
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/sdb1;
meta-disk /dev/sdb2[0];
on mysql {
address 172.16.1.51:7788;
}
on mysql-s {
address 172.16.1.52:7788;
}
}
7. 初始化drbd设备
drbdadm create-md r0
drbdadm up r0
cat /proc/drbd
8. 将mysql提升为主,从mysql不需要操作（特殊说明）
drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary r0
9. 将mysql的drbd0格式化以供挂载使用，从mysql不需要操作（特殊说明）
mkfs.ext4 /dev/drbd0
10. 测试挂载
mkdir /data
mount /dev/drbd0 /data
至此，DRBD安装完毕，下面安装mysql，以多实例的方式安装
1. 上传mysql二进制包并解压
mkdir /home/oldboy/tools -p
cd /home/oldboy/tools/
rz
#mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xf mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
2. 安装mysql多实例
mkdir /application
mv mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.49
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql -M
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
cd /application/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile
3. 配置多实例配置和启动文件
mkdir /data/{3306,3307}/data -p
配置3306配置文件/data/3306/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3306/data
open_files_limit = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3306/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 6
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3306/mysql_3306.err
pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid
配置3306启动文件/data/3306/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by chentaicheng at 2016-06-09
# QQ:791582297
#site:http://www.unix-idc.com
#blog: http://blog.51cto.com/ilctc
################################################
#init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="unix-idc-MySQL"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
配置3307配置文件/data/3307/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 6
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
配置3307启动文件/data/3307/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by chentaicheng at 2016-06-09
# QQ:791582297
#site:http://www.unix-idc.com
#blog: http://blog.51cto.com/ilctc
################################################
#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="unix-idc-MySQL"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
初始化3306数据库数据
sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/ --user=mysql
初始化3307数据库数据
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/ --user=mysql
授权mysql用户为/data目录的权限所有者
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
启动数据库
chmod +x /data/3306/mysql
chmod +x /data/3307/mysql
/data/3306/mysql start
/data/3307/mysql start
设置数据库密码为：unix-idc-MySQL
mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock password 'unix-idc-MySQL'
mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3307/mysql.sock password 'unix-idc-MySQL'
启动3306和3307实例数据库
mysql -uroot -punix-idc-MySQL -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql -uroot -punix-idc-MySQL -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
至此，数据库安装完毕，下面安装heartbeat！
1. 安装heartbeat
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
yum repolist
yum install -y heartbeat
2. 将默认的配置文件拷贝至/etc/ha.d/并作更改
修改第一个配置文件：/etc/ha.d/ha.cf
cat >/etc/ha.d/ha.cf<<EOF
logfile /var/log/ha-log
logfacility local0
keepalive 2
deadtime 30
warntime 10
initdead 60
mcast eth0 225.0.0.51 694 1 0
auto_failback on
node mysql
node mysql-s
EOF
修改第二个配置文件：/etc/ha.d/authkeys
cat >/etc/ha.d/authkeys <<EOF
auth 1
1 sha1 c4f9375f9834b4e7f0a528cc65c055702bf5f24a
EOF
chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
修改第三个配置文件：/etc/ha.d/haresources
cat >/etc/ha.d/haresources<<EOF
mysql 10.0.0.50 drbddisk::r0 Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 mysql
EOF
3. 修改mysql启动脚本到heartbeat资源里
cp /data/3306/mysql /etc/ha.d/resource.d/
4. 启动heartbeat
/etc/init.d/heartbeat start
至此，MySQL+DRBD+HEARTBEAT高可用存储搭建完毕！
以上是关于MySQL数据库高可用快速实施方案的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章