设置mysql用户密码(5.6/5.7)远程连接数据库常用命令
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第13章 mysql常用操作
MySQL版本 5.6.35
13.1 设置、更改root用户密码
首次直接使用mysql会提示‘该命令不存在’,原因是还没有将该命令加入环境变量,如果要使用该命令,需要使用其绝对路径:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql,为了方便,先将其加入系统环境变量:
[[email protected] ~]# exprt PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
至此,mysql命令路径暂时加入环境变量,系统重启后该变量会失效,若要永久生效,需要将其加入环境变量配置文件:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile
……
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
刷新配置文件(否则不生效):
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile
设置 & 更改密码
首次登陆mysql,root用户没有密码,直接登录:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot
#-u:=user,指定用户名
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
……
mysql> quit
#退出
说明: 登录mysql之后可以进行与mysql相关的一些操作,但是设置mysql用户的密码需要执行以下操作!
设置密码
[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password ‘123456‘
再次登录:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)
说明: 设置密码后直接登录会报错(ERROR),需要输入密码登录。
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql>
注: -p=passwd,使用密码登录,在此可以将密码直接输入在命令行(跟在-p后面,不加空格:-p‘123456‘<此处单引号可以不加,但是当密码中有特殊符号时必须加,所以在命令行输入密码时养成习惯:加单引号>),也可以不在命令行输入,只跟-p选项,然后根据提示信息:“Enter password”,输入密码进行登录(此方法不会暴露用户密码,安全)。
更改密码
当知道用户密码时,进行密码更改:
[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p‘123456‘ password ‘1234567‘
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘1234567‘
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql>
更改成功!
忘记密码时,进行密码更改:
先编辑mysql配置文件:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-grant
#忽略授权!
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
重启mysql服务:
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL..................... SUCCESS!
说明: 完成该操作之后就可以任意登录mysql了(无需密码),所以此时mysql安全性很差,平时配置文件中一定不要添加该参数!!!
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> use mysql;
#切换mysql库
Database changed
mysql> select * from user\G;
#查看用户的表信息,该表中存放的是用户相关信息(密码、授权…)
#G选项的作用是使输出信息有序显示,不加该选项,显示内容会很乱
mysql> select password from user;
#查看用户密码,显示结果Wie加密字符串!
mysql> update user set password=password(‘123456‘) where user=‘root‘;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
#将密码更改为‘123456’
mysql> quit
Bye
密码更改成功!
恢复配置文件:
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
重启mysql服务:
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL........... SUCCESS!
登录:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> quit
Bye
Finished!
步骤: vim /etc/my.cnf-->添加skip-grant-->mysql restart-->登录-->use mysql-->update user set password=...-->vim /etc/my.cnf-->删除skip-grant-->mysql restart。
13.2 连接mysql(本地、远程)
远程连接:使用IP/port连接
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> quit
Bye
注: -h:=host,指定IP;-P:=port,指定端口。
本地连接:使用socket连接
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/tmp/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
mysql> quit
Bye
注: -S:=socket,指定socket。此方法只适用于本地连接,等同于“mysql -uroot -p123456”。
显示所有数据库
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ -e "show databases"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
注: 该方法使用于shell脚本中。
13.3 MySQL常用命令
查看库信息:
mark
以下命令需要在切换库(use mysql)之后执行:
mark
编辑库:
mark
注: 以上命令均需要在mysql下执行;在mysql中每行命令末尾加上分号,表示该行命令执行结束。 tb_name即table name()表名。
示例:
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc time_zone;
+------------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Time_zone_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| Use_leap_seconds | enum(‘Y‘,‘N‘) | NO | | N | |
+------------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.11 sec)
mysql> show create table time_zone\G;
#G=grep筛选文字内容,规律显示出来
1. row
Table: time_zone
Create Table: CREATE TABLE time_zone
(Time_zone_id
int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,Use_leap_seconds
enum(‘Y‘,‘N‘) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
PRIMARY KEY (Time_zone_id
)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘Time zones‘
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| [email protected] |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.07 sec)
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from user\G;
创建库:
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
创建表:
mysql> use db1;
#先切换到指定库下
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id
int(4),name
char(40));
#括号中是定义字段及字段格式,使用反引号引起来
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.51 sec)
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.35 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
mysql> show status;
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Aborted_clients | 0 |
| Aborted_connects | 0 |
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
mysql> show variables\G;
mysql> show variables like ‘max_connect%‘\G;
#like表示匹配;%是通配符
更改参数:
mysql> set global max_connect_errors=110;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
#在此只是临时更改,如果要永久更改,需要编辑配置文件
查看队列:
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 5 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> drop table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)
mysql> drop database db1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
扩展:MySQL5.7之更改root密码
与MySQL 5.6版本不同,在安装MySQL 5.7过程中(初始化)会自动生成root用户密码(随机),那么在安装完成后如何更改root用户密码?步骤如下:
查看默认密码
[[email protected] mysql]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
The random password set for the root userat Fri Jan 10 20:00:34 2014 (local time): 3A)2DdJLkcFP
更改root密码:已知默认密码
使用默认密码登录:
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p‘3A)2DdJLkcFP‘
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17
设置新密码:
方法1:
mysql> set password = password(‘123456‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
方法2:
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR ‘root‘@localhost = PASSWORD(‘123456‘);
mysql> quit
Bye
Finished!
更改root密码:不知道默认密码
编辑配置文件:
[[email protected] mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
#增加参数:skip-grant-tables
重启:
[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
登录:此时不需要密码
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot
更改密码:
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password(‘12456‘) where user=‘root‘;
mysql>quit
[[email protected] mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
重启:
[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
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