小白一起学Android studio 创建项目
Posted 计算机的一块砖
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本人也是在学习android Studio，就想把自己熟悉的记录一下。
我用的是Android Studio是 2021.1.1 Patch 2版本；
1.点击New Project
2.选择Empty Activity，空白界面就可以
3.基础信息，
项目名字，包名字，位置，自己选择，
语言，我是学习Java语言，学习Kotlin语言的另找高手了
完成之后点击Finish；
4.进入项目界面，
其中MainActivity.java是代码页面，以后都在这个界面写代码
activity_main.xml是布局页面，按钮控件，文本框控件等布局都在其中，会自动生成Hello Word文本框。
xml位置
点击小三角运行。
5.运行
运行需要一个模拟器，这个我用的是雷电模拟器，其他的也是可以的。
6.这样一个简单的Android项目就完成啦。
#盲盒+码# #跟着小白一起学鸿蒙# [番外]一起学做Tetris(下)
#跟着小白一起学鸿蒙# [番外]一起学做Tetris(下)
作者：王石
简介
接着《#跟着小白一起学鸿蒙# [番外]一起学做Tetris(上)》我们完善了页面，增加了左右按键和之前方块显示，方块消除。
开发
1. 按键增加
之前我们布局一直是只有个Canvas控件，现在我们需要设置高度后增加一个Row的布局，并增加两个Button控件，以下就是基础的Hap的page文件：index.ets
build()
Column()
Column()
Canvas(this.context)
.width(100%)
.height(100%)
.onClick((ev: ClickEvent) =>
console.info("click!!")
this.doClick()
)
.onTouch((ev) =>
console.info("touch:"+ev.type.toString())
console.info("touch x:"+ev.touches[0].screenX.toString())
console.info("touch y:"+ev.touches[0].screenY.toString())
)
.onReady(() =>
this.context.imageSmoothingEnabled = false
this.randomType()
this.drawall()
)
.height(92%)
.width(100%)
Row()
Button() //按钮控件
Text(左)
.fontSize(20)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.width(20%)
.height(6%)
.backgroundColor(#0D9FFB)
.onClick(() => //点击事件
if (this.left > 0)
this.moveAction -= 1
)
Button() //按钮控件
Text(右)
.fontSize(20)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.width(20%)
.height(6%)
.backgroundColor(#0D9FFB)
.onClick(() => //点击事件
if (this.rightX < 240)
this.moveAction += 1
)
.width(100%)
.height(100%)
.backgroundColor("#cccccc")
2. 游戏完善的说明
之前我们的游戏只有布局，方块显示和变形，在完善后我们增加了积累方块的显示，消除，计分，游戏结束判断等。
2.1 积累方块显示
drawBlockmap()
let bs = this.blockSize
this.context.fillStyle = rgb(250,0,0)
for (let i=0;i<23;i++)
for (let j=0;j<9;j++)
//是否有方块
if (this.blockmap[i][j] == 1)
let y = i * this.blockSize
let x = j * this.blockSize
this.context.fillRect(x, y, bs, bs)
this.context.rect(x, y, bs, bs)
console.info("drawBlockmap:"+x.toString()+":"+y.toString())
this.context.stroke()
console.info("drawBlockmap:"+this.storeBlock.length.toString())
因为都是画布画的，为了重绘已经存在的方块，我们应用二维数组blockmap表示，值为1则有方块，数组索引则表示绘制坐标位置：
2.2 判断是否到底还是到顶
checkBlockmap()
if (this.storeBlock.length == 0)
if (this.slotBottomY >= 660)
return 1
else
let coords = this.curBlockShap
let startx = this.slotStartX + this.moveAction * this.blockSize
let starty = this.slotStartY + this.step * this.blockSize
for (let i=0;i<4;i++)
let x = startx + coords[i][0]*this.blockSize
let y = starty + coords[i][1]*this.blockSize + this.blockSize
for (let k=0;k<22;k++)
for (let l=0;l<9;l++)
if (this.blockmap[k][l] == 1)
let blocky = k * this.blockSize
let blockx = l * this.blockSize
//判断是否到底
if ((x == blockx && y == blocky) || y > 660)
//判断是否到顶
if (y == 210)
this.context.drawImage( this.gameoverImg,this.startX,this.startY,300,90)
//到顶回2
return 2
//到底回1
return 1
return 0
先判断是否到底，到底的同时判断是否到顶，如果到顶了就是满了，如果只是到底则表明游戏可以继续 ；
2.3 到底积累方块
stackBlock()
let block = []
let coords = this.curBlockShap
let startx = this.slotStartX + this.moveAction * this.blockSize
let starty = this.slotStartY + this.step * this.blockSize
for (let i=0;i<4;i++)
let x = startx + coords[i][0]*this.blockSize
let y = starty + coords[i][1]*this.blockSize
console.info("stackBlock x:"+x.toString()+"y:"+y.toString())
let indexX = x/this.blockSize
let indexY = y/this.blockSize
this.blockmap[indexY][indexX] = 1
console.info("stackBlock:"+indexX+":"+indexY)
block.push([x,y])
this.storeBlock.push(block)
console.info("stackBlock:"+this.storeBlock.length.toString())
如果到底了，就用坐标计算出 索引，然后在blockmap里标识为1，说明此处有方块，这样方便后面的绘制的显示；
2.4 清除方块
cleanBlockmap()
//检查是否一行满了
let needMove = 0
for (let i=22;i>=0;i--)
let linecnt = 0
for (let j = 8;j >= 0; j--)
//是否有方块
if (this.blockmap[i][j] == 1)
linecnt += 1
if (linecnt == 9)
//此行都是方块，消除，计分
for (let j = 8;j >= 0; j--)
this.blockmap[i][j] = 0
needMove += 1
this.score += 1
else if (needMove > 0)
for (let j = 8;j >= 0; j--)
this.blockmap[i+needMove][j] = this.blockmap[i][j]
this.blockmap[i][j] = 0
二维数组的好处就是方便每行计数清除，然后从底向上再逐层替换；
2.5 绘制每一步
drawStep()
this.context.clearRect(0,0,this.context.width,this.context.height)
this.step += 1
this.drawBox()
this.drawBlockmap()
this.cleanBlockmap()
this.drawSideBlock()
this.drawBoxBlock()
this.drawScore()
let stepType = this.checkBlockmap()
if ( stepType == 1)
this.stackBlock()
this.step = 0
this.randomType()
else if (stepType == 2)
this.state= 2
this.context.drawImage( this.gameoverImg,this.startX,this.startY,300,90)
绘制每一步其实就是重绘界面，包括如果游戏结束显示game over
3. 游戏逻辑
简单的小游戏主体游戏逻辑为：等待开始，开始，结束流程图如下：
graph LR
timer开始 --> 方块下落
timer开始 --> click[点击]
click[点击] --> 方块变形
方块下落 --> |落到底| 能消除 --> 计分 --> 堆积
方块下落 --> |落到底| 不能消除 --> 堆积
堆积 --> |堆积到顶| 满了 --> 游戏结束
堆积 --> |堆积到顶| 未满 --> 方块下落
doClick()
if (this.state == 0)
this.direction += 1
else if (this.state == 2)
this.state = 0
this.score = 0
this.storeBlock = []
this.initMap()
游戏结束后需要重新初始化内部数据。
4. 完整逻辑
@Entry
@Component
struct Index
@State message: string = Hello World
private settings: RenderingContextSettings = new RenderingContextSettings(true);
private context: CanvasRenderingContext2D = new CanvasRenderingContext2D(this.settings);
private gameoverImg:ImageBitmap = new ImageBitmap("common/images/gameover.png")
private blockType: number = 0
private blockSize: number = 30
private blockShapBasic = [
[[0,0],[0,1],[0,2],[0,3]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[1,1],[0,2]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[1,1],[1,2]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[1,0],[1,1]],
]
private blockShap = [
[[0,0],[0,1],[0,2],[0,3]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[1,1],[0,2]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[1,1],[1,2]],
[[0,0],[0,1],[1,0],[1,1]],
]
private blockmap = [];
private curBlockShap = []
private storeBlock = []
private sideStartX = 300;
private sideStartY = 150;
private startX = 20
private startY = 300
private slotStartX = 120;
private slotStartY = 150;
private slotBottomY = 150;
private xleft = 0;
private rightX = 0;
private score = 0;
private step = 0;
private direction = 0;
private moveAction = 0;
private state = 0;
aboutToDisappear()
aboutToAppear()
this.initMap()
this.sleep(1000)
initMap()
for (let i=0;i<23;i++)
let item = []
for (let j=0;j<9;j++)
item.push(0)
this.blockmap.push(item)
async sleep(ms: number)
return new Promise((r) =>
setInterval(() =>
// console.log(this.message)
if (this.state == 0)
this.drawStep()
, ms)
)
doClick()
if (this.state == 0)
this.direction += 1
else if (this.state == 2)
this.state = 0
this.score = 0
this.storeBlock = []
this.initMap()
drawBox()
this.context.lineWidth = 4
this.context.beginPath()
this.context.lineCap = butt
this.context.moveTo(0, 100)
this.context.lineTo(270, 100)
this.context.moveTo(270, 100)
this.context.lineTo(270, 690)
this.context.moveTo(0, 690)
this.context.lineTo(270, 690)
setDirection()
this.curBlockShap = this.blockShap[this.blockType]
if (this.direction > 0)
for (let i=0;i<4;i++)
let x = this.curBlockShap[i][0]
this.curBlockShap[i][0] = this.curBlockShap[i][1]
this.curBlockShap[i][1] = x
this.direction = 0
drawSideBlock()
this.context.fillStyle = rgb(250,0,0)
let bs = this.blockSize
let coords = this.blockShapBasic[this.blockType]
for (let i=0;i<4;i++)
let x = this.sideStartX + coords[i][0]*this.blockSize
let y = this.sideStartY + coords[i][1]*this.blockSize
this.context.fillRect(x, y, bs, bs)
this.context.rect(x, y, bs, bs)
// console.info("x,y"+x.toString()+":"+y.toString())
this.context.stroke()
drawBoxBlock()
let min = 690
let max = 0
this.setDirection()
this.context.fillStyle = rgb(250,0,0)
let bs = this.blockSize
let coords = this.curBlockShap
let startx = this.slotStartX + this.moveAction * this.blockSize
let starty = this.slotStartY + this.step * this.blockSize
for (let i=0;i<4;i++)
let x = startx + coords[i][0]*this.blockSize
let y = starty + coords[i][1]*this.blockSize
min = min > x ? x:min
max = max < x ? x:max
this.context.fillRect(x, y, bs, bs)
this.context.rect(x, y, bs, bs)
// console.info("x,y"+x.toString()+":"+y.toString())
this.slotBottomY = y
this.xleft = min
this.rightX = max
this.context.stroke()
// console.info("min,max"+min.toString()+":"+max.toString())
stackBlock()
let block = []
let coords = this.curBlockShap
let startx = this.slotStartX + this.moveAction * this.blockSize
let starty = this.slotStartY + this.step * this.blockSize
for (let i=0;i<4;i++)
let x = startx + coords[i][0]*this.blockSize
let y = starty + coords[i][1]*this.blockSize
console.info("stackBlock x:"+x.toString()+"y:"+y.toString())
let indexX = x/this.blockSize
let indexY = y/this.blockSize
this.blockmap[indexY][indexX] = 1
console.info("stackBlock:"+indexX+":"+indexY)
block.push([x,y])
this.storeBlock.push(block)
console.info("stackBlock:"+this.storeBlock.length.toString())
checkBlockmap()
if (this.storeBlock.length == 0)
if (this.slotBottomY >= 660)
return 1
else
let coords = this.curBlockShap
let startx = this.slotStartX + this.moveAction * this.blockSize
let starty = this.slotStartY + this.step * this.blockSize
for (let i=0;i<4;i++)
let x = startx + coords[i][0]*this.blockSize
let y = starty + coords[i][1]*this.blockSize + this.blockSize
for (let k=0;k<22;k++)
for (let l=0;l<9;l++)
if (this.blockmap[k][l] == 1)
let blocky = k * this.blockSize
let blockx = l * this.blockSize
//判断是否到底
if ((x == blockx && y == blocky) || y > 660)
//判断是否到顶
if (y == 210)
this.context.drawImage( this.gameoverImg,this.startX,this.startY,300,90)
//到顶回2
return 2
//到底回1
return 1
return 0
cleanBlockmap()
//检查是否一行满了
let needMove = 0
for (let i=22;i>=0;i--)
let linecnt = 0
for (let j = 8;j >= 0; j--)
//是否有方块
if (this.blockmap[i][j] == 1)
linecnt += 1
if (linecnt == 9)
//此行都是方块，消除，计分
for (let j = 8;j >= 0; j--)
this.blockmap[i][j] = 0
needMove += 1
this.score += 1
else if (needMove > 0)
for (let j = 8;j >= 0; j--)
this.blockmap[i+needMove][j] = this.blockmap[i][j]
this.blockmap[i][j] = 0
drawBlockmap()
let bs = this.blockSize
this.context.fillStyle = rgb(250,0,0)
for (let i=0;i<23;i++)
for (let j=0;j<9;j++)
//是否有方块
if (this.blockmap[i][j] == 1)
let y = i * this.blockSize
let x = j * this.blockSize
this.context.fillRect(x, y, bs, bs)
this.context.rect(x, y, bs, bs)
console.info("drawBlockmap:"+x.toString()+":"+y.toString())
this.context.stroke()
console.info("drawBlockmap:"+this.storeBlock.length.toString())
drawScore()
this.context.fillStyle = rgb(0,0,0)
this.context.font = 80px sans-serif
this.context.fillText("Score:"+this.score.toString(), 20, 140)
randomType()
this.blockType = Math.floor(Math.random()*5)
console.info("blocktype:"+this.blockType.toString())
drawStep()
this.context.clearRect(0,0,this.context.width,this.context.height)
this.step += 1
this.drawBox()
this.drawBlockmap()
this.cleanBlockmap()
this.drawSideBlock()
this.drawBoxBlock()
this.drawScore()
let stepType = this.checkBlockmap()
if ( stepType == 1)
this.stackBlock()
this.step = 0
this.randomType()
else if (stepType == 2)
this.state= 2
this.context.drawImage( this.gameoverImg,this.startX,this.startY,300,90)
drawall()
this.drawBox()
this.drawSideBlock()
this.drawBoxBlock()
this.drawScore()
build()
Column()
Column()
Canvas(this.context)
.width(100%)
.height(100%)
.onClick((ev: ClickEvent) =>
console.info("click!!")
this.doClick()
)
.onTouch((ev) =>
console.info("touch:"+ev.type.toString())
console.info("touch x:"+ev.touches[0].screenX.toString())
console.info("touch y:"+ev.touches[0].screenY.toString())
)
.onReady(() =>
this.context.imageSmoothingEnabled = false
this.randomType()
this.drawall()
)
.height(92%)
.width(100%)
Row()
Button() //按钮控件
Text(左)
.fontSize(20)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.width(20%)
.height(6%)
.backgroundColor(#0D9FFB)
.onClick(() => //点击事件
if (this.xleft > 0)
this.moveAction -= 1
)
Button() //按钮控件
Text(右)
.fontSize(20)
.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
.type(ButtonType.Capsule)
.width(20%)
.height(6%)
.backgroundColor(#0D9FFB)
.onClick(() => //点击事件
if (this.rightX < 240)
this.moveAction += 1
)
.width(100%)
.height(100%)
.backgroundColor("#cccccc")
遗留问题：
-
有bug，方块变形不完整；
-
可实现网络对战（分布式对战）；
5. 获取源码
等游戏完整发布，会有两个版本，单机和联机版本
总结
本文主要介绍了小游戏的开发，画布功能的使用，游戏逻辑，分布式
本文作者：左翼风发
https://ost.51cto.com/#bkwz
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