linux 无外网情况下安装 mysql

Posted 2020-10-21 黄景新

由于工作需要，需要在一台装有 CentOS 系统的测试服务器上安装 mysql ，由于该服务器上存有其他比较重要的测试数据，所以不能连接外网。由于之前安装 MySQL 一直都是使用 yum 命令一键搞定的，所以手动安装的话还是有些麻烦的。所以在这里我将我在安装过程中遇到的一些问题记录下来。

1.需求就不用讲了，客户现场，政府环境，银行环境，大多是没网的，所以无网安装是很有必要的

mysql下载路径：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

查看自己Linux系统版本

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

往下拉继续选择

选择对应的下载，mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

这样几分钟就下载了。

2.准备依赖包：

a.numactl 软件包：

• numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
• numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
• numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

b.其他相关支持：

• perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
• libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

下载方式：https://pkgs.org

下面是下载路径：

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

3.上传文件到服务器上

localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm [email protected]:/root/

[email protected]‘s password:

numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm              100%  65KB  2.1MB/s  00:00   

localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm [email protected]:/root/

[email protected]‘s password:

numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm        100%  29KB  1.7MB/s  00:00   

localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm [email protected]:/root/

[email protected]‘s password:

numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm        100%  23KB  1.5MB/s  00:00   

localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm [email protected]:/root/

[email protected]‘s password:

perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm      100%  47KB  1.2MB/s  00:00   

localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm [email protected]:/root/

[email protected]‘s password:

Permission denied, please try again.

[email protected]‘s password:

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm              100%  24KB 618.3KB/s  00:00   

localhost:Downloads kylin$ scp -r mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [email protected]:/root/

[email protected]‘s password:

mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar                    100%  566MB  4.5MB/s  02:05

 查看上传的包

[[email protected] ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg                          numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm          numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

miniconda2                                perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar  pythonshell

numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

 4.安装

第一步，先安装依赖，安装 perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 和 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

    package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 is already installed

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

   1:perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7    ################################# [100%]

 第二步，继续安装 numactl相关

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh numactl*

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

    package numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64 is already installed

 如果不安装这个包会报错，错误如下（本人未测试）：

error: Failed dependencies:

  

libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

  

libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

  

libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 

 若此时直接安装mysql，还会异常：

warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies:

 mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

 mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64

  第一行还能看明白，是依赖问题，第二行的“mariadb-libs 被废弃”是什么鬼?废弃了为什么不提供一个新的还要出现这种弱智提示呢?经过一番搜寻，才发现是因为在CentOS 7上已经有一个mariadb 而这个会与 MySQL的mariadb发生冲突。所以此时我们需要将系统自带的mariadb卸载掉，然后使用mysql自带的mariadb。

接下来查看mariadb版本

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

 卸载系统安装的mariadb

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

[[email protected] ~]#

  解决好这个问题后，就可以安装mysql了,先解压mysql，并查看安装包

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

[[email protected] ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg

libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

miniconda2

mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

numactl-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

pythonshell

 直接安装,报错：

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-*

warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

    perl(JSON) is needed by mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

 貌似不能直接全安装，有顺序，继续：

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-*

warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7################################# [ 50%]

   2:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

   1:mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el################################# [100%]

[[email protected] ~]#

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

    mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

 说缺少net-tools ，下载下来装呗，继续：

net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

   1:net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el################################# [100%]

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

    mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-c

mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]

 中间安装server时，又说必须安装client，至此，mysql安装成功，打完收工。

5.启动查看配置

[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service

[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  mysqld.service

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

   Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-11-04 13:56:37 CST; 24s ago

     Docs: man:mysqld(8)

           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

  Process: 4644 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

  Process: 4571 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

 Main PID: 4647 (mysqld)

   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

           └─4647 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 

Nov 04 13:56:07 linuxidc systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...

Nov 04 13:56:37 linuxidc systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

 至此，无网安装难的历史已经结束，至少的我实验没问题了，好像还缺点是什么，数据库密码是啥？

[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

2017-11-04T05:56:08.454323Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: ps1DY?%T.Vc4

这样就可以登录数据库了，try一下：

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)

 报错了，连输入密码的机会也没有。

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.7.20

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

 

mysql>

 登陆成功试试，数据库好使不

mysql> show databases;

ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

 不改密码，用不了，继续：

mysql> ALTER USER ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘你的密码‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

 

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 然后再使用SQL就没问题了

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database          |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| sys                |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 用数据库工具链接，出现问题：

 

不允许远程访问，改继续：

mysql>  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘你的密码‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 再试就没有问题了，至此数据库安装问题基本没有。

查看mysql配置文件地址：

[[email protected] ~]# find / -iname ‘*.cnf‘ -print

/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

/etc/my.cnf

/root/miniconda2/pkgs/openssl-1.0.2l-0/ssl/openssl.cnf

/root/miniconda2/ssl/openssl.cnf

/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf

 查看字符集：

mysql> show variables like ‘char%‘;

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value                      |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client    | utf8                      |

| character_set_connection | utf8                      |

| character_set_database  | latin1                    |

| character_set_filesystem | binary                    |

| character_set_results    | utf8                      |

| character_set_server    | latin1                    |

| character_set_system    | utf8                      |

| character_sets_dir      | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

 至此数据库安装完毕。