Oracle冷备份脚本

Posted 2020-10-20

一、原理

2. 1. 冷备份

   数据库在关闭状态下完成所有物理系统文件拷贝的过程，也称脱机备份

   适合于非归档模式下，数据库处于一致性状态

3. 步骤

   首先在运行的库中得到数据库运行的所有的物理文件位置，然后在计划内关闭数据库(shutdown)

   再执行拷贝物理文家到备份路径或备份设备

   备份完成后立即启动数据库让其提供正常的服务

4. 总结 - 优点

   冷备模式下概念易于理解，即将需要备份的文件复制到安全的位置

   操作比较简单，不需要太多的干预

   容易恢复到某个时间点上(只需将文件再拷贝回去)

   能与归档方法相结合，作数据库“最新状态”的恢复。

5. 总结 - 缺点

   备份时，数据库必须处于一致性关闭状态

   只能提供到某一时间点的恢复

   备份时速度比较慢，尤其是数据量大性能影响比较大

   不能实现基于表和用户级别的数据恢复
   二、案例

    首先应该在相关视图里查出数据库的数据文件，日志文件，控制文件，临时文件所在的位置。注意：不要直接把oradata下的cp就行了，因为生产库里各个文件通常分布在不同的磁盘，不同的地方，所以在去视图里获得真实路径 。

1).查看数据库是否为CDB
[email protected]>select name, decode(cdb, ‘YES‘, ‘Multitenant Option enabled‘, ‘Regular 12c Database: ‘) "Multitenant Option" , open_mode, con_id from v$database;

NAME Multitenant Option OPEN_MODE CON_ID

---

NEWTEST Multitenant Option enabled READ WRITE 0
YES表示该数据库是CDB,如果是NO表示是NO-CDB(普通数据库)
2).查看实例和数据库的相关信息
[email protected]>select instance_name,version,status,archiver,database_status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME VERSION STATUS ARCHIVE DATABASE_STATUS

---

newtest 12.2.0.1.0 OPEN STARTED ACTIVE
[email protected]>select dbid,name,log_mode from v$database;

  DBID NAME      LOG_MODE

---

1779551310 NEWTEST ARCHIVELOG
[email protected]>set linesize 180
[email protected]>col guid format A40
[email protected]>col name format A20
[email protected]>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBID GUID                                     NAME                 OPEN_MODE

---

     2  603865257 32CAC9A05E614355926257BE671D9AFC         PDB$SEED             READ ONLY
     3 3394996704 24549D14BBEB417BAB312BF19BC5259E         PDBTEST              READ WRITE
     4   50957894 D4B2FCAAC2B944CC8AF5864EC7CB853C         CLONEPDB_PLUG        READ WRITE

3). 查看数据文件及状态信息

[email protected]>col file_name format A60
[email protected]>select file_name,tablespace_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME TABLESPACENAME STATUS ONLINE

---

C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM AVAILABLE SYSTEM
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF SYSAUX AVAILABLE ONLINE
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF UNDOTBS1 AVAILABLE ONLINE
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\USERS01.DBF USERS AVAILABLE ONLINE
[email protected]>col con_id format 99
[email protected]>col name format A80
[email protected]>select con_id,FILE#,NAME,status,enabled from v$datafile order by 1;

CON_ID FILE# NAME STATUS ENABLED

---

 1          1 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF                        SYSTEM  READ WRITE
 1          3 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF                        ONLINE  READ WRITE
 1          5 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF                       ONLINE  READ WRITE
 1          7 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\USERS01.DBF                         ONLINE  READ WRITE
 2          2 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\SYSTEM01.DBF                SYSTEM  READ WRITE
 2          4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\SYSAUX01.DBF                ONLINE  READ WRITE
 2          6 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\UNDOTBS01.DBF               ONLINE  READ WRITE
 3          8 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF                SYSTEM  READ WRITE
 3         11 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\USERS01.DBF                 ONLINE  READ WRITE
 3         10 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF               ONLINE  READ WRITE
 3          9 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF                ONLINE  READ WRITE

CON_ID FILE# NAME STATUS ENABLED

---

 4         42 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\UNDOTBS01.DBF         ONLINE  READ WRITE
 4         41 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\SYSAUX01.DBF          ONLINE  READ WRITE
 4         40 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\SYSTEM01.DBF          SYSTEM  READ WRITE
 4         43 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\USERS01.DBF           ONLINE  READ WRITE

15 rows selected.
4).查看临时文件
[email protected]>col name format A100
[email protected]>select name from v$tempfile;

NAME

C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\TEMP01.DBF
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF