mysql 多实例案例实战

Posted 星朝

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其实mysql多实例就是在一个 mysql 服务上面启动三个实例,相当于三个分离开来的数据库,至于为什么要做这个,你也可以选择分别安装三个MySQL,只是过于麻烦,多实例中只需要一个配置档my.cnf,并且通过mysql_330x.sock 便于管理数据库。

其实MySQL多实例之后也可以做主从同步及读写分离,跟原来是一样的,只是同步的时候端口有变化而已~

下面我来做MySQL多实例的环境搭建,至于如何用,怎么用,那就看你需求了


安装简介

  • 用户名:mysql
  • 安装目录:/usr/local/mysql
  • 实例1数据目录 : /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3306
  • 实例2数据目录 : /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3307
  • 实例3数据目录 : /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3308

安装前步骤

一、添加MySQL用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

二、yum安装依赖包
autoconf automake bc bind-utils bzip2 bzip2-devel curl curl-devel dmidecode e2fsprogs-devel expat expat-devel freetype* gcc gcc-c++ gettext gettext-devel glib2 glib2-devel glibc glibc-devel hdparm krb5-devel libaio libaio-devel libidn-devel libjpeg libpng libxml2 libxml2-devel lrzsz mlocate ncurses ncurses-devel net-snmp net-snmp-devel net-snmp-libs net-snmp-utils ntp openssh-clients openssl-devel pam-devel rsync rsyslog-relp screen smartmontools strace sysstat telnet vim* vixie-cron wget yum-fastestmirror zip zlib-devel

三、解包
tar zxf mysql-5.6.14.tar.gz -C /usr/src
cd /usr/src/mysql-5.6.14

四、创建数据目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data

五、cmake配置
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGING=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGING=1 -DWITH_SSL=yes

六、编译及安装
make && make install

七、拷贝配置文件
cp support-files/my-default.cnf /usr/local/mysql/data/my.cnf

八、初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql

九、设置链接
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql/* /usr/include/
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/* /usr/lib/
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/data/my.cnf /etc/

十、设置权限
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3306
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3307
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3308

十一、修改my.cnf配置

#!/bin/bash[mysqld_multi]mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser = rootpassword = yunjee0515ueopro1234[mysqld1]basedir = /usr/local/mysql
character-set-server = utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3306
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.pid
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.err
server-id = 1
skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略应用程序想要设置的其他字符集
init-connect=‘SET NAMES utf8‘ #连接时执行的SQL
character-set-server=utf8 #服务端默认字符集
wait_timeout=1800 #请求的最大连接时间
interactive_timeout=1800 #和上一参数同时修改才会生效
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式
log-bin = mysql-bin #打开二进制功能,MASTER主服务器必须打开此项
relay-log = mysql-bin #文件名格式
relay-log-index = mysql-bin.index #index文件名
##MySQL 5.6.10版本提供了更方便的基于GTID的复制功能,MySQL可以通过GTID自动识别上次同步的点,极大地方便了运维人员,减少出错的几率。
binlog-format=ROW #binlog格式
log-slave-updates=true #表示如果一个MASTER挂掉的话,另外一个马上接管
gtid-mode=on #用于启动GTID及满足附属的其它需求
enforce-gtid-consistency=true #
#report-port=port #从属服务器的端口
#report-host=host #从属服务器的主机名
master-info-repository=TABLE #启用此两项,可用于实现在崩溃时保证二进制及从服务器安全的功能
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE #
sync-master-info=1 #启用之可确保无信息丢失
slave-parallel-workers=2 #设定从服务器的SQL线程数;0表示关闭多线程复制功能
binlog-checksum=CRC32 #
master-verify-checksum=1 #
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1 #启用复制有关的所有校验功能
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1 ###MySQL 5.6.10版本提供了更方便的基于GTID的复制功能,MySQL可以通过GTID自动识别上次同步的点,极大地方便了运维人员,减少出错的几率。
expire_logs_day=5 #超过5天的binlog删除
max_binlog_size=104857600
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql #忽略不同步主从的数据库
#replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
#replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
#replicate-ignore-db = test
#replicate-ignore-db = zabbix
#replicate-ignore-db = sysbench
#replicate-ignore-db = db_3306
##slave-skip-errors=0 #主从忽略错误数
##注释掉,使用默认设置
#skip-external-locking
##innodb_force_recovery = 1
key_buffer_size = 256Mmax_allowed_packet = 100M#table_open_cache = 1024
#sort_buffer_size = 128M
#net_buffer_length = 8K
#read_buffer_size = 128M
#read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
#character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 10000
##慢查询设置
slow-query-log=on
long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
##注释掉,使用默认设置
## For InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 128M
## Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 128M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
#innodb_file_per_table=1
[mysqld2]basedir = /usr/local/mysql
character-set-server = utf8
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3307
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.pid
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.err
server-id = 1
skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略应用程序想要设置的其他字符集
init-connect=‘SET NAMES utf8‘ #连接时执行的SQLcharacter-set-server=utf8 #服务端默认字符集
wait_timeout=1800 #请求的最大连接时间
interactive_timeout=1800 #和上一参数同时修改才会生效
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式
log-bin = mysql-bin #打开二进制功能,MASTER主服务器必须打开此项
relay-log = mysql-bin #文件名格式
relay-log-index = mysql-bin.index #index文件名
#MySQL 5.6.10版本提供了更方便的基于GTID的复制功能,MySQL可以通过GTID自动识别上次同步的点,极大地方便了运维人员,减少出错的几率。
binlog-format=ROW #binlog格式
log-slave-updates=true #表示如果一个MASTER挂掉的话,另外一个马上接管
gtid-mode=on #用于启动GTID及满足附属的其它需求
enforce-gtid-consistency=true #
#report-port=port #从属服务器的端口
#report-host=host #从属服务器的主机名
master-info-repository=TABLE #启用此两项,可用于实现在崩溃时保证二进制及从服务器安全的功能
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE #
sync-master-info=1 #启用之可确保无信息丢失
slave-parallel-workers=2 #设定从服务器的SQL线程数;0表示关闭多线程复制功能
binlog-checksum=CRC32 #
master-verify-checksum=1 #
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1 #启用复制有关的所有校验功能
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1 ###MySQL 5.6.10版本提供了更方便的基于GTID的复制功能,MySQL可以通过GTID自动识别上次同步的点,极大地方便了运维人员,减少出错的几率。expire_logs_day=5 #超过5天的binlog删除
max_binlog_size=104857600
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql #忽略不同步主从的数据库
#replicate-ignore-db = information_schema#replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
#replicate-ignore-db = test
#replicate-ignore-db = zabbix
#replicate-ignore-db = sysbench
#replicate-ignore-db = db_3307
##slave-skip-errors=0 #主从忽略错误数
##注释掉,使用默认设置
#skip-external-locking
##innodb_force_recovery = 1
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 100M
#table_open_cache = 1024
#sort_buffer_size = 128M
#net_buffer_length = 8K
#read_buffer_size = 128M
#read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
#character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 10000
##慢查询设置
slow-query-log=on
long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
##注释掉,使用默认设置
## For InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 128M
## Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 128M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
#innodb_file_per_table=1
[mysqld3]basedir = /usr/local/mysql
character-set-server = utf8
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3308
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.pid
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.err
server-id = 1skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略应用程序想要设置的其他字符集
init-connect=‘SET NAMES utf8‘ #连接时执行的SQL
character-set-server=utf8 #服务端默认字符集
wait_timeout=1800 #请求的最大连接时间
interactive_timeout=1800 #和上一参数同时修改才会生效
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式
log-bin = mysql-bin #打开二进制功能,MASTER主服务器必须打开此项
relay-log = mysql-bin #文件名格式
relay-log-index = mysql-bin.index #index文件名
#MySQL 5.6.10版本提供了更方便的基于GTID的复制功能,MySQL可以通过GTID自动识别上次同步的点,极大地方便了运维人员,减少出错的几率。
binlog-format=ROW #binlog格式
log-slave-updates=true #表示如果一个MASTER挂掉的话,另外一个马上接管
gtid-mode=on #用于启动GTID及满足附属的其它需求
enforce-gtid-consistency=true #
#report-port=port #从属服务器的端口
#report-host=host #从属服务器的主机名
master-info-repository=TABLE #启用此两项,可用于实现在崩溃时保证二进制及从服务器安全的功能
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE #
sync-master-info=1 #启用之可确保无信息丢失
slave-parallel-workers=2 #设定从服务器的SQL线程数;0表示关闭多线程复制功能
binlog-checksum=CRC32 #
master-verify-checksum=1 #
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1 #启用复制有关的所有校验功能
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1 ###MySQL 5.6.10版本提供了更方便的基于GTID的复制功能,MySQL可以通过GTID自动识别上次同步的点,极大地方便了运维人员,减少出错的几率。expire_logs_day=5 #超过5天的binlog删除
max_binlog_size=104857600
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql #忽略不同步主从的数据库
#replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
#replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema
#replicate-ignore-db = test
#replicate-ignore-db = zabbix
#replicate-ignore-db = sysbench
#replicate-ignore-db = db_3308
##slave-skip-errors=0 #主从忽略错误数
##注释掉,使用默认设置
#skip-external-locking
##innodb_force_recovery = 1
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 100M
#table_open_cache = 1024
#sort_buffer_size = 128M
#net_buffer_length = 8K
#read_buffer_size = 128M
#read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
#character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 10000
##慢查询设置
slow-query-log=on
long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
##注释掉,使用默认设置
## For InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 128M
## Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 128M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
#innodb_file_per_table=1
[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 256M[mysql]no-auto-rehash
prompt=\\[email protected]\\d \\R:\\m>
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

十二、启动所有实例

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3


登录MySQL多实例
mysql -uroot -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock

mysql -uroot -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock

mysql -uroot -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock


并且修改各自的密码为my.cnf配置档中[mysqld_multi]中指定的密码。


[email protected](none) 16:09>grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected]‘localhost‘ identified by ‘password‘;[email protected](none) 16:09>grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected]‘127.0.0.1‘ identified by ‘password‘;[email protected](none) 16:09>grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected]‘%‘ identified by ‘password‘;

其实这里有一点问题,就是[mysqld_multi]中设置的账户,其实它是用来管理mysqld_multi(多实例进程的启动与关闭)的,如果这边的账户和当前库(实例中的所有库)的账户不匹配,则会发生一些奇怪的问题,例如你可以开启这个mysql多实例进程,但无法关闭,甚至是kill ${PID}之后它又会重新启动。

那么,以后就可以通过下面方式来连接MySQL了

mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sockmysql -uroot -ppassword -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sockmysql -uroot -ppassword -S /tmp/mysql_3308.sock






















































































































































































































































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