在一些业务场景中，像在数据分析中我们有时候需要捕获数据变化（CDC）；在数据审计中，我们也往往需要知道数据从这个点到另一个点的变化；同样在实时分析中，我们有时候需要看到某个值得实时变化等。
要解决以上问题，我们可以实时解析mysql binlog日志，下面两个工具可以很好的处理这个问题：
1. canal（阿里巴巴开源项目，纯java开发）
2. python-mysql-replication（python开发）
使用场景：
1. MySQL到NoSQL的数据同步
2. MySQL到搜索引擎的复制
3. 当数据发生变化是清除数据缓存
4. 数据库审计
5. 实时数据分析
本文主要说说python-mysql-replication。
介绍
python-mysql-replication是基于MySQL复制原理实现的，把自己伪装成一个slave不断的从MySQL数据库获取binlog并解析。
当前版本(0.15)环境支持：
1. MySQL 5.5/5.6/5.7
2. Python >=2.6
3. Python 3.3/3.4/3.5/3.6（3.2不支持）
MySQL复制实现：
python-mysql-replication实现：
配置安装
安装软件
[[email protected]1 ~]# pip install mysql-replication
MySQL授权
1 GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO ‘replicator‘@‘192.168.3.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘;
Binlog要满足如下条件
1 MySQL>[email protected](none) 09:53:38>show variables like ‘log_bin‘; 2 +---------------+-------+ 3 | Variable_name | Value | 4 +---------------+-------+ 5 | log_bin | ON | 6 +---------------+-------+ 7 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 8 9 MySQL>show variables like ‘binlog_format‘; 10 +---------------+-------+ 11 | Variable_name | Value | 12 +---------------+-------+ 13 | binlog_format | ROW | 14 +---------------+-------+ 15 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 16 17 MySQL>show variables like ‘binlog_row_image‘; 18 +------------------+-------+ 19 | Variable_name | Value | 20 +------------------+-------+ 21 | binlog_row_image | FULL | 22 +------------------+-------+ 23 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
示例代码：
1 [[email protected] script]# cat mysql-replication.py 2 #!/usr/bin/env python 3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 4 5 from pymysqlreplication import BinLogStreamReader 6 from pymysqlreplication.row_event import ( 7 DeleteRowsEvent, 8 UpdateRowsEvent, 9 WriteRowsEvent, 10 ) 11 import sys 12 import json 13 14 def main(): 15 mysql_settings = {‘host‘: ‘192.168.3.130‘, 16 ‘port‘: 3306, ‘user‘: ‘replicator‘, ‘passwd‘: ‘123456‘} 17 stream = BinLogStreamReader( 18 connection_settings=mysql_settings, 19 server_id=101, 20 blocking=True, 21 only_schemas=[‘zow‘], 22 only_events=[DeleteRowsEvent, WriteRowsEvent, UpdateRowsEvent], 23 resume_stream=True, 24 log_file=‘mysql-bin.000013‘, log_pos=6197) 25 26 for binlogevent in stream: 27 for row in binlogevent.rows: 28 event = {"schema": binlogevent.schema, "table": binlogevent.table, "log_pos": binlogevent.packet.log_pos} 29 if isinstance(binlogevent, DeleteRowsEvent): 30 event["action"] = "delete" 31 event["values"] = dict(row["values"].items()) 33 event = dict(event.items()) 34 elif isinstance(binlogevent, UpdateRowsEvent): 35 event["action"] = "update" 36 event["before_values"] = dict(row["before_values"].items()) 37 event["after_values"] = dict(row["after_values"].items()) 38 event = dict(event.items()) 39 elif isinstance(binlogevent, WriteRowsEvent): 40 event["action"] = "insert" 41 event["values"] = dict(row["values"].items()) 42 event = dict(event.items()) 43 print json.dumps(event) 44 sys.stdout.flush() 45 46 stream.close() 47 48 49 if __name__ == "__main__": 50 main()
运行结果：
1 [[email protected]1 script]# python mysql-replication.py 2 {"action": "insert", "table": "t2", "log_pos": 4622, "values": {"tname": "hh", "id": 7}, "schema": "zow"} 3 {"log_pos": 4904, "after_values": {"tname": "ii", "id": 7}, "action": "update", "table": "t2", "before_values": {"tname": "hh", "id": 7}, "schema": "zow"} 4 {"log_pos": 4904, "after_values": {"tname": "ii", "id": 7}, "action": "update", "table": "t2", "before_values": {"tname": "hh", "id": 7}, "schema": "zow"} 5 {"action": "delete", "table": "t2", "log_pos": 5169, "values": {"tname": "ii", "id": 7}, "schema": "zow"} 6 {"action": "delete", "table": "t2", "log_pos": 5169, "values": {"tname": "ii", "id": 7}, "schema": "zow"}
更多例子见：https://github.com/noplay/python-mysql-replication/tree/master/examples