Hadoop自动化部署脚本

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摘自：http://www.wangsenfeng.com/articles/2016/10/27/1477556261953.html

1 概述

最近自己写了一个Hadoop自动化部署脚本，包括Hadoop集群自动化部署脚本和Hadoop增加单节点自动化部署脚本。需要快速部署Hadoop集群的童鞋可以使用该脚本。这些脚本我在用5台虚拟机进行了测试，如果在使用中还有bug，欢迎指出。本文主要介绍Hadoop集群自动化部署脚本，安装的Hadoop版本为2.6.0。

2 依赖

安装Hadoop2.6.0集群需要依赖JDK和Zookeeper。本文安装的JDK版本为jdk-7u60-linux-x64，Zookeeper版本为zookeeper-3.4.6。

3 各文件及配置说明

该部署脚本由两部分构成：root用户下执行的脚本和Hadoop启动用户下执行的脚本。这些脚本都只需要在一台服务器上执行即可，执行脚本的服务器作为Hadoop的Master服务器。下面分别进行说明。

3.1 root脚本说明

root脚本的目录结构如下：

  • conf — 配置文件目录 
    • init.conf
  • expect — expect脚本目录 
    • password.expect
    • scp.expect
    • otherInstall.expect
  • file — 安装文件目录 
    installRoot.sh — 脚本执行文件
    • hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz
    • jdk-7u60-linux-x64.tar.gz
    • zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz

3.1.1 conf目录

该目录下的init.conf文件为root执行脚本使用的配置文件，在执行脚本之前需要对该配置文件进行修改。文件内容如下：

#jdk file and version
JDK_FILE_TAR=jdk-7u60-linux-x64.tar.gz

#jdk unpack name
JDK_FILE=jdk1.7.0_60

#java home
JAVAHOME=/usr/java

#Whether install the package for dependence,0 means no,1 means yes
IF_INSTALL_PACKAGE=1

#host conf
ALLHOST="hadoop1master hadoop1masterha hadoop1slave1 hadoop1slave2 hadoop1slave3"
ALLIP="192.168.0.180 192.168.0.184 192.168.0.181 192.168.0.182 192.168.0.183"

#zookeeper conf
ZOOKEEPER_TAR=zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
ZOOKEEPERHOME=/usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.6
SLAVELIST="hadoop1slave1 hadoop1slave2 hadoop1slave3" 

#hadoop conf
HADOOP_TAR=hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz
HADOOPHOME=/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.0
HADOOP_USER=hadoop2
HADOOP_PASSWORD=hadoop2

#root conf: $MASTER_HA $SLAVE1 $SLAVE2 $SLAVE3
ROOT_PASSWORD="hadoop hadoop hadoop hadoop"

下面是个别参数的解释及注意事项：

  1. ALLHOST为Hadoop集群各个服务器的hostname，使用空格分隔；ALLIP为Hadoop集群各个服务器的ip地址，使用空格分隔。要求ALLHOST和ALLIP要一一对应。
  2. SLAVELIST为zookeeper集群部署的服务器的hostname。
  3. ROOT_PASSWORD为除了Master服务器以外的其他服务器root用户的密码，使用逗号隔开。（在实际情况下，可能各个服务器的root密码并不相同。）

3.1.2 expect目录

该目录下包含password.expect、scp.expect、otherInstall.expect三个文件。password.expect用来设置hadoop启动用户的密码；scp.expect用来远程传输文件；otherInstall.expect用来远程执行其他服务器上的installRoot.sh。这三个文件都在installRoot.sh中被调用。 
password.expect文件内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set password [lindex $argv 1]
spawn passwd $user
expect "New password:"
send "$password\r"
expect "Retype new password:"
send "$password\r"
expect eof

其中argv 0和argv 1都是在installRoot.sh脚本中进行传值的。其他两个文件argv *也是这样传值的。 
scp.expect文件内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
# set dir, host, user, password
set dir [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set user [lindex $argv 2]
set password [lindex $argv 3]
set timeout -1
spawn scp -r $dir $user@$host:/root/
expect {
    "(yes/no)?"
    {
        send "yes\n"
        expect "*assword:" { send "$password\n"}
    }
    "*assword:"
    {
        send "$password\n"
    }
}
expect eof

otherInstall.expect文件内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
# set dir, host, user, password
set dir [lindex $argv 0]
set name [lindex $argv 1]
set host [lindex $argv 2]
set user [lindex $argv 3]
set password [lindex $argv 4]
set timeout -1
spawn ssh -q $user@$host "$dir/$name"
expect {
    "(yes/no)?"
    {
        send "yes\n"
        expect "*assword:" { send "$password\n"}
    }
    "*assword:"
    {
        send "$password\n"
    }
}
expect eof

3.1.3 file目录

这里就是安装Hadoop集群及其依赖所需的安装包。

3.1.4 installRoot.sh脚本

该脚本是在root用户下需要执行的脚本，文件内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

if [ $USER != "root" ]; then
    echo "[ERROR]:Must run as root";  exit 1
fi
# Get absolute path and name of this shell
readonly PROGDIR=$(readlink -m $(dirname $0))
readonly PROGNAME=$(basename $0)
hostname=`hostname`

source /etc/profile
# import init.conf
source $PROGDIR/conf/init.conf
echo "install start..."
# install package for dependence
if [ $IF_INSTALL_PACKAGE -eq 1 ]; then
    yum -y install expect >/dev/null 2>&1
    echo "expect install successful."
    # yum install openssh-clients #scp
fi

#stop iptables or open ports, now stop iptables
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
FF_INFO=`service iptables status`
if [ -n "`echo $FF_INFO | grep "Firewall is not running"`" ]; then
    echo "Firewall is already stop."
else
    echo "[ERROR]:Failed to shut down the firewall.Exit shell."
    exit 1
fi
#stop selinux
setenforce 0
SL_INFO=`getenforce`
if [ $SL_INFO == "Permissive" -o $SL_INFO == "disabled" ]; then
    echo "selinux is already stop."
else    
    echo "[ERROR]:Failed to shut down the selinux. Exit shell."
    exit 1
fi

#host config
hostArr=( $ALLHOST )
IpArr=( $ALLIP )
for (( i=0; i <= ${#hostArr[@]}; i++ ))
{
    if [ -z "`grep "${hostArr[i]}" /etc/hosts`" -o -z "`grep "${IpArr[i]}" /etc/hosts`" ]; then
        echo "${IpArr[i]} ${hostArr[i]}" >> /etc/hosts
    fi
}

#user config
groupadd $HADOOP_USER && useradd -g $HADOOP_USER $HADOOP_USER && $PROGDIR/expect/password.expect $HADOOP_USER $HADOOP_PASSWORD >/dev/null 2>&1

# check jdk
checkOpenJDK=`rpm -qa | grep java`
# already install openJDK ,uninstall
if [ -n "$checkOpenJDK" ]; then
    rpm -e --nodeps $checkOpenJDK
    echo "uninstall openJDK successful"
fi
# A way of exception handling. `java -version` perform error then perform after ||.
`java -version` || (
    [ ! -d $JAVAHOME ] && ( mkdir $JAVAHOME )
    tar -zxf $PROGDIR/file/$JDK_FILE_TAR -C $JAVAHOME
    echo "export JAVA_HOME=$JAVAHOME/$JDK_FILE">>/etc/profile
    echo‘export JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin‘>>/etc/profile
    echo‘export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin‘>>/etc/profile
    echo‘export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar‘>>/etc/profile
    echo‘export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH‘>>/etc/profile
    echo"sun jdk done")# check zookeeper
slaveArr=($SLAVELIST)if[["${slaveArr[@]}"=~$hostname]];then`zkServer.sh status`||[-d$ZOOKEEPERHOME]||(
        tar -zxf $PROGDIR/file/$ZOOKEEPER_TAR-C /usr/local/
        chown -R $HADOOP_USER:$HADOOP_USER$ZOOKEEPERHOMEecho"export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=$ZOOKEEPERHOME">>/etc/profile
        echo‘PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin‘>>/etc/profile
        echo"zookeeper done")fi# check hadoop2`hadoop version`||[-d$HADOOPHOME]||(
    tar -zxf $PROGDIR/file/$HADOOP_TAR-C /usr/local/
    chown -R $HADOOP_USER:$HADOOP_USER$HADOOPHOMEecho"export HADOOP_HOME=$HADOOPHOME">>/etc/profile
    echo‘PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin‘>>/etc/profile
    echo‘HADOOP_HOME_WARN_SUPPRESS=1‘>>/etc/profile
    echo"hadoop2 done")source/etc/profile

#ssh config
sed -i "s/^#RSAAuthentication\ yes/RSAAuthentication\ yes/g"/etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/^#PubkeyAuthentication\ yes/PubkeyAuthentication\ yes/g"/etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/^#AuthorizedKeysFile/AuthorizedKeysFile/g"/etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/^GSSAPIAuthentication\ yes/GSSAPIAuthentication\ no/g"/etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i "s/^#UseDNS\ yes/UseDNS\ no/g"/etc/ssh/sshd_config
service sshd restart

# install other servers
rootPasswdArr=($ROOT_PASSWORD)if[$hostname==${hostArr[0]}];then
    i=0for node in$ALLHOST;doif[$hostname==$node];thenecho"this server, do nothing"else# cope install dir to other server$PROGDIR/expect/scp.expect $PROGDIR$node$USER${rootPasswdArr[$i]}$PROGDIR/expect/otherInstall.expect $PROGDIR$PROGNAME$node$USER${rootPasswdArr[$i]}
            i=$(($i+1))#i++echo$node" install successful."fidone# Let the environment variables take effect
    su - root
fi

这个脚本主要干了下面几件事：

  1. 如果在配置文件中设置了IF_INSTALL_PACKAGE=1，则安装expect，默认是安装expect。如果服务器上已经有了expect，则可以设置IF_INSTALL_PACKAGE=0。
  2. 关闭防火墙，停止selinux。
  3. 将Hadoop集群的各个机器host及ip对应关系写到/etc/hosts文件中。
  4. 新建Hadoop启动用户及用户组。
  5. 安装jdk、zookeeper、hadoop并设置环境变量。
  6. 修改ssh配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config。
  7. 如果判断执行脚本的机器是Master机器，则拷贝本机的root脚本到其他机器上并执行。 
    注意：在执行该脚本之前，需要确保Hadoop集群安装的各个服务器上能够执行scp命令，如果不能执行，需要在各个服务器上安装openssh-clients，执行脚本为：yum –y install openssh-clients。

3.2 hadoop脚本说明

hadoop脚本的目录结构如下：

  • bin — 脚本目录 
    • config_hadoop.sh
    • config_ssh.sh
    • config_zookeeper.sh
    • ssh_nopassword.expect
    • start_all.sh
  • conf — 配置文件目录 
    • init.conf
  • template — 配置文件模板目录 
    installCluster.sh — 脚本执行文件
    • core-site.xml
    • hadoop-env.sh
    • hdfs-site.xml
    • mapred-site.xml
    • mountTable.xml
    • myid
    • slaves
    • yarn-env.sh
    • yarn-site.xml
    • zoo.cfg

3.2.1 bin脚本目录

该目录中包含installCluster.sh脚本中调用的所有脚本，下面一一说明。

3.2.1.1 config_hadoop.sh

该脚本主要是创建Hadoop所需目录，以及配置文件的配置，其中的参数均在init.conf中。

#!/bin/bash

# Get absolute path of this shell
readonly PROGDIR=$(readlink -m $(dirname $0))
# import init.conf
source $PROGDIR/../conf/init.conf

for node in $ALL; do
    # create dirs
    ssh -q $HADOOP_USER@$node "
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/namedir
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/datadir
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/jndir
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/tmp
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/hadoopmrsys
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/hadoopmrlocal
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/nodemanagerlocal
        mkdir -p $HADOOPDIR_CONF/hadoop2/nodemanagerlogs
    "
    echo "$node create dir done."
    for conffile in $CONF_FILE; do
        # copy
        scp $PROGDIR/../template/$conffile $HADOOP_USER@$node:$HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop
        # update
        ssh -q $HADOOP_USER@$node "
            sed -i ‘s%MASTER_HOST%${MASTER_HOST}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%MASTER_HA_HOST%${MASTER_HA_HOST}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%SLAVE1%${SLAVE1}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%SLAVE2%${SLAVE2}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%SLAVE3%${SLAVE3}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%HDFS_CLUSTER_NAME%${HDFS_CLUSTER_NAME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%VIRTUAL_PATH%${VIRTUAL_PATH}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%DFS_NAMESERVICES%${DFS_NAMESERVICES}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%NAMENODE1_NAME%${NAMENODE1_NAME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%NAMENODE2_NAME%${NAMENODE2_NAME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%NAMENODE_JOURNAL%${NAMENODE_JOURNAL}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%HADOOPDIR_CONF%${HADOOPDIR_CONF}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%ZOOKEEPER_ADDRESS%${ZOOKEEPER_ADDRESS}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%YARN1_NAME%${YARN1_NAME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%YARN2_NAME%${YARN2_NAME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%HADOOPHOME%${HADOOPHOME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            sed -i ‘s%JAVAHOME%${JAVAHOME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
            # update yarn.resourcemanager.ha.id for yarn_ha
            if [ $conffile == ‘yarn-site.xml‘ ]; then
                if [ $node == $MASTER_HA_HOST ]; then
                    sed -i ‘s%YARN_ID%${YARN2_NAME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
                else
                    sed -i ‘s%YARN_ID%${YARN1_NAME}%g‘ $HADOOPHOME/etc/hadoop/$conffile
                fi
            fi
        "
    done
    echo "$node copy hadoop template done."
done

3.2.1.2 config_ssh.sh和ssh_nopassword.expect

这两个文件是配置ssh无密码登录的，ssh_nopassword.expect被config_ssh.sh调用。 
config_ssh.sh文件如下：

#!/bin/bash

# Get absolute path of this shell
readonly PROGDIR=$(readlink -m $(dirname $0))
# import init.conf
source $PROGDIR/../conf/init.conf
# Get hostname
HOSTNAME=`hostname`

# Config ssh nopassword login
echo "Config ssh on master"
# If the directory "~/.ssh" is not exist, then execute mkdir and chmod
[ ! -d ~/.ssh ] && ( mkdir ~/.ssh ) && ( chmod 700 ~/.ssh )
# If the file "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" is not exist, then execute ssh-keygen and chmod
[ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ] && ( yes|ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ‘‘ -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ) && ( chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub )

echo "Config ssh nopassword for cluster"
# For all node, including master and slaves
for node in $ALL; do
    # execute bin/ssh_nopassword.expect
    $PROGDIR/ssh_nopassword.expect $node $HADOOP_USER $HADOOP_PASSWORD $HADOOPDIR_CONF/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >/dev/null 2>&1
    echo "$node done."
done
echo "Config ssh successful."

ssh_nopassword.expect文件如下：

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set host [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
set dir [lindex $argv 3]
spawn ssh-copy-id -i $dir $user@$host
expect {
    yes/no  
    { 
        send "yes\r";exp_continue 
    }
    -nocase "password:" 
    { 
        send "$password\r" 
    }
}
expect eof

3.2.1.3 config_zookeeper.sh

该文件主要是对zookeeper的配置，文件内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

# Get absolute path of this shell
readonly PROGDIR=$(readlink -m $(dirname $0))
# import init.conf
source $PROGDIR/../conf/init.conf

#update conf
sed -i "s%ZOOKEEPERHOME%${ZOOKEEPERHOME}%g" $PROGDIR/../template/zoo.cfg
sed -i "s%ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE1%${ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE1}%g" $PROGDIR/../template/zoo.cfg
sed -i "s%ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE2%${ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE2}%g" $PROGDIR/../template/zoo.cfg
sed -i "s%ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE3%${ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE3}%g" $PROGDIR/../template/zoo.cfg

zookeeperArr=( "$ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE1" "$ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE2" "$ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE3" )
myid=1
for node in ${zookeeperArr[@]}; do
    scp $PROGDIR/../template/zoo.cfg $HADOOP_USER@$node:$ZOOKEEPERHOME/conf
    echo $myid > $PROGDIR/../template/myid
    ssh -q $HADOOP_USER@$node "
        [ ! -d $ZOOKEEPERHOME/data ] && ( mkdir $ZOOKEEPERHOME/data )
        [ ! -d $ZOOKEEPERHOME/log ] && ( mkdir $ZOOKEEPERHOME/log )        
    "
    scp $PROGDIR/../template/myid $HADOOP_USER@$node:$ZOOKEEPERHOME/data
    myid=`expr $myid + 1` #i++
    echo "$node copy zookeeper template done."
done

3.2.1.4 start_all.sh

该脚本主要用来启动zookeeper及Hadoop全部组件，文件内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

source /etc/profile
# Get absolute path of this shell
readonly PROGDIR=$(readlink -m $(dirname $0))
# import init.conf
source $PROGDIR/../conf/init.conf

# start zookeeper
zookeeperArr=( "$ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE1" "$ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE2" "$ZOOKEEPER_SLAVE3" )
for znode in ${zookeeperArr[@]}; do
    ssh -q $HADOOP_USER@$znode "
        source /etc/profile
        $ZOOKEEPERHOME/bin/zkServer.sh start
    "
    echo "$znode zookeeper start done."
done

# start journalnode
journalArr=( $JOURNALLIST )
for jnode in ${journalArr[@]}; do
    ssh -q $HADOOP_USER@$jnode "
        source /etc/profile
        $HADOOPHOME/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode
    "
    echo "$jnode journalnode start done."
done

# format zookeeper
$HADOOPHOME/bin/hdfs zkfc -formatZK

# format hdfs
$HADOOPHOME/bin/hdfs namenode -format -clusterId $DFS_NAMESERVICES

# start namenode
$HADOOPHOME/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

# sign in master_ha, sync from namenode to namenode_ha
ssh -q $HADOOP_USER@$MASTER_HA_HOST "
    $HADOOPHOME/bin/hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby
"

# start zkfc on master
$HADOOPHOME/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc

# start namenode_ha and datanode
$HADOOPHOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh

# start yarn
$HADOOPHOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh

# start yarn_ha
ssh -q $HADOOP_USER@$MASTER_HA_HOST "
    source /etc/profile
    $HADOOPHOME/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager
"
echo "start all done."

4 集群自动化部署流程

4.1 root脚本的执行

选择一台服务器作为Hadoop2.6.0的主节点，使用root用户执行。

  1. 确保Hadoop集群所在服务器可以执行scp命令：在各个服务器上执行scp，如果提示命令没有找到，执行安装命令：yum –y install openssh-clients。
  2. 执行以下操作： 
    检查/etc/hosts、/etc/profile的配置，执行java -version、hadoop version命令检查jdk和Hadoop的安装情况。若出现java、hadoop命令找不到的情况，重新登录一次服务器再进行检查。
    1. 执行cd ~，进入/root目录下
    2. 将root脚本所在目录打成tar包（假设打包后的文件名为root_install.tar.gz），执行rz -y，上传root_install.tar.gz（若无法找到rz命令，执行安装命令：yum -y install lrzsz）
    3. 执行tar -zxvf root_install.tar.gz解压
    4. 执行cd root_install，进入到root_install目录中
    5. 执行. /installRoot.sh，开始安装jdk、zookeeper、Hadoop，等待安装结束

4.2 hadoop脚本的执行

在主节点使用Hadoop启动用户执行（该启动用户是在root中执行的脚本里创建的，下面假设该用户为hadoop2）：

  1. 在root用户中直接进入hadoop2用户，执行su - hadoop2
  2. 执行以下操作： 
    检查zookeeper、Hadoop启动日志，检查是否安装成功。通过Hadoop本身提供的监控页面来检查Hadoop集群的状态。
    1. 执行cd~，进入/home/hadoop2目录下
    2. 将hadoop脚本所在目录打成tar包（假设打包后的文件名为hadoop_install.tar.gz），执行rz -y，上传hadoop_install.tar.gz（若无法找到rz命令，执行安装命令：yum -y install lrzsz）
    3. 执行tar -zxvf hadoop_install.tar.gz解压
    4. 执行cd hadoop_install，进入到hadoop_install目录中
    5. 执行./installCluster.sh，开始配置并启动zookeeper、Hadoop，等待脚本执行结束
  4. 最后根据mountTable.xml中fs.viewfs.mounttable.hCluster.link./tmp的配置，执行如下命令创建该name对应的value目录： 
    hdfs dfs -mkdir hdfs://hadoop-cluster1/tmp 
    如果不创建，执行hdfs dfs -ls /tmp时会提示找不到目录。

5 总结

Hadoop2.6.0部署脚本仍有缺陷，比如配置文件中参数较多，有部分重复，脚本的编写也有待改进。权当抛砖引玉。如有错误请童鞋们指正，谢谢。















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