Linux系统下tar命令，菜鸟提问

Posted 2023-03-27

Linux系统下tar命令是如何操作，如何实现的？
本人菜鸟，有人要我对Linux系统下的一个大文件夹(里面包含了很多东西和子文件夹)进行打包。这个命令如何使用？
还有，我用tar命令打包后的文件，会被默认放在哪？？比如路径是/A/B，我要打包文件夹B，打包后的文件C会被放在A下面吗？也就是/A/C？？

比如现在在 /A 文件夹下 把下面的B文件夹打包成bzip2高压方式
tar cjvf C.tar.bz2 B # 默认是在当前文件夹下的
OK后会在/A文件夹下有个名为“C.tar.bz2”的tar压缩文件
tar tvf C.tar.bz2 # 列出里面的文件

会用了吧？ 呵呵 再把文档粘给你 比较长 别哭哦 学习之路还很远的

TAR(1) tar TAR(1)

NAME
tar - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

SYNOPSIS
tar <operation> [options]

Operations:
[-]A --catenate --concatenate
[-]c --create
[-]d --diff --compare
[-]r --append
[-]t --list
[-]u --update
[-]x --extract --get
--delete

Common Options:
-C, --directory DIR
-f, --file F
-j, --bzip2
-p, --preserve-permissions
-v, --verbose
-z, --gzip

All Options:
[ --atime-preserve ] [ -b, --blocking-factor N ] [ -B, --read-full-
records ] [ --backup BACKUP-TYPE ] [ --block-compress ] [ -C, --direc-
tory DIR ] [ --check-links ] [ --checkpoint ] [ -f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
] [ -F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F ] [ --force-local ] [
--format FORMAT ] [ -g, --listed-incremental F ] [ -G, --incremental ]
[ --group GROUP ] [ -h, --dereference ] [ --help ] [ -i, --ignore-zeros
] [ --ignore-case ] [ --ignore-failed-read ] [ --index-file FILE ] [
-j, --bzip2 ] [ -k, --keep-old-files ] [ -K, --starting-file F ] [
--keep-newer-files ] [ -l, --one-file-system ] [ -L, --tape-length N ]
[ -m, --touch, --modification-time ] [ -M, --multi-volume ] [ --mode
PERMISSIONS ] [ -N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE ] [ --newer-mtime
DATE ] [ --no-anchored ] [ --no-ignore-case ] [ --no-recursion ] [
--no-same-permissions ] [ --no-wildcards ] [ --no-wildcards-match-slash
] [ --null ] [ --numeric-owner ] [ -o, --old-archive, --portabil-
ity, --no-same-owner ] [ -O, --to-stdout ] [ --occurrence NUM ] [
--overwrite ] [ --overwrite-dir ] [ --owner USER ] [ -p, --same-permis-
sions, --preserve-permissions ] [ -P, --absolute-names ] [ --pax-option
KEYWORD-LIST ] [ --posix ] [ --preserve ] [ --acls ] [ --selinux ] [
--xattrs ] [ --no-acls ] [ --no-selinux ] [ --no-xattrs ] [ -R,
--block-number ] [ --record-size SIZE ] [ --recursion ] [ --recursive-
unlink ] [ --remove-files ] [ --rmt-command CMD ] [ --rsh-command CMD ]
[ -s, --same-order, --preserve-order ] [ -S, --sparse ] [ --same-owner
] [ --show-defaults ] [ --show-omitted-dirs ] [ --strip-components NUM-
BER, --strip-path NUMBER (1) ] [ --suffix SUFFIX ] [ -T, --files-from F
] [ --totals ] [ -U, --unlink-first ] [ --use-compress-program PROG ]
[ --utc ] [ -v, --verbose ] [ -V, --label NAME ] [ --version ] [
--volno-file F ] [ -w, --interactive, --confirmation ] [ -W, --verify ]
[ --wildcards ] [ --wildcards-match-slash ] [ --exclude PATTERN ] [ -X,
--exclude-from FILE ] [ -Z, --compress, --uncompress ] [ -z, --gzip,
--gunzip, --ungzip ] [ -[0-7][lmh] ]

(1) tar-1.14 uses --strip-path, tar-1.14.90+ uses --strip-components

DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of tar, an archiving program
designed to store and extract files from an archive file known as a
tarfile. A tarfile may be made on a tape drive, however, it is also
common to write a tarfile to a normal file. The first argument to tar
must be one of the options Acdrtux, followed by any optional functions.
The final arguments to tar are the names of the files or directories
which should be archived. The use of a directory name always implies
that the subdirectories below should be included in the archive.

EXAMPLES
tar -xvf foo.tar
verbosely extract foo.tar

tar -xzf foo.tar.gz
extract gzipped foo.tar.gz

tar -cjf foo.tar.bz2 bar/
create bzipped tar archive of the directory bar called
foo.tar.bz2

tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 -C bar/
extract bzipped foo.tar.bz2 after changing directory to bar

tar -xzf foo.tar.gz blah.txt
extract the file blah.txt from foo.tar.gz

FUNCTION LETTERS
One of the following options must be used:

-A, --catenate, --concatenate
append tar files to an archive

-c, --create
create a new archive

-d, --diff, --compare
find differences between archive and file system

-r, --append
append files to the end of an archive

-t, --list
list the contents of an archive

-u, --update
only append files that are newer than the existing in archive

-x, --extract, --get
extract files from an archive

--delete
delete from the archive (not for use on mag tapes!)

COMMON OPTIONS
-C, --directory DIR
change to directory DIR

-f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
use archive file or device F (default "-", meaning stdin/stdout)

-j, --bzip2
filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files

-p, --preserve-permissions
extract all protection information

-v, --verbose
verbosely list files processed

-z, --gzip, --ungzip
filter the archive through gzip

ALL OPTIONS
--atime-preserve
don't change access times on dumped files

-b, --blocking-factor N
block size of Nx512 bytes (default N=20)

-B, --read-full-blocks
reblock as we read (for reading 4.2BSD pipes)

--backup BACKUP-TYPE
backup files instead of deleting them using BACKUP-TYPE simple
or numbered

--block-compress
block the output of compression program for tapes

-C, --directory DIR
change to directory DIR

--check-links
warn if number of hard links to the file on the filesystem mis-
match the number of links recorded in the archive

--checkpoint
print directory names while reading the archive

-f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
use archive file or device F (default "-", meaning stdin/stdout)

-F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F
run script at end of each tape (implies --multi-volume)

--force-local
archive file is local even if has a colon

--format FORMAT
selects output archive format
v7 - Unix V7
oldgnu - GNU tar <=1.12
gnu - GNU tar 1.13
ustar - POSIX.1-1988
posix - POSIX.1-2001

-g, --listed-incremental F
create/list/extract new GNU-format incremental backup

-G, --incremental
create/list/extract old GNU-format incremental backup

-h, --dereference
don't dump symlinks; dump the files they point to

--help like this manpage, but not as cool

-i, --ignore-zeros
ignore blocks of zeros in archive (normally mean EOF)

--ignore-case
ignore case when excluding files

--ignore-failed-read
don't exit with non-zero status on unreadable files

--index-file FILE
send verbose output to FILE instead of stdout

-j, --bzip2
filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files

-k, --keep-old-files
keep existing files; don't overwrite them from archive

-K, --starting-file F
begin at file F in the archive

--keep-newer-files
do not overwrite files which are newer than the archive

-l, --one-file-system
stay in local file system when creating an archive

-L, --tape-length N
change tapes after writing N*1024 bytes

-m, --touch, --modification-time
don't extract file modified time

-M, --multi-volume
create/list/extract multi-volume archive

--mode PERMISSIONS
apply PERMISSIONS while adding files (see chmod(1))

-N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE
only store files newer than DATE

--newer-mtime DATE
like --newer, but with a DATE

--no-anchored
match any subsequenceof the name's components with --exclude

--no-ignore-case
use case-sensitive matching with --exclude

--no-recursion
don't recurse into directories

--no-same-permissions
apply user's umask when extracting files instead of recorded
permissions

--no-wildcards
don't use wildcards with --exclude

--no-wildcards-match-slash
wildcards do not match slashes (/) with --exclude

--null --files-from reads null-terminated names, disable --directory

--numeric-owner
always use numbers for user/group names

-o, --old-archive, --portability
like --format=v7; -o exhibits this behavior when creating an
archive (deprecated behavior)

-o, --no-same-owner
do not attempt to restore ownership when extracting; -o exhibits
this behavior when extracting an archive

-O, --to-stdout
extract files to standard output

--occurrence NUM
process only NUM occurrences of each named file; used with
--delete, --diff, --extract, or --list

--overwrite
overwrite existing files and directory metadata when extracting

--overwrite-dir
overwrite directory metadata when extracting

--owner USER
change owner of extraced files to USER

-p, --same-permissions, --preserve-permissions
extract all protection information

-P, --absolute-names
don't strip leading '/'s from file names

--pax-option KEYWORD-LIST
used only with POSIX.1-2001 archives to modify the way tar han-
dles extended header keywords

--posix
like --format=posix

--preserve
like --preserve-permissions --same-order

--acls this option causes tar to store each file's ACLs in the archive.

--selinux
this option causes tar to store each file's SELinux security
context information in the archive.

--xattrs
this option causes tar to store each file's extended attributes
in the archive. This option also enables --acls and--selinux if
they haven't been set already, due to the fact that the data for
those are stored in special xattrs.

--no-acls
This option causes tar not to store each file's ACLs in the
archive and not to extract any ACL information in an archive.

--no-selinux
this option causes tar not to store each file's SELinux security
context information in the archive and not to extract any
SELinux information in an archive.

--no-xattrs
this option causes tar not to store each file's extended
attributes in the archive and not to extract any extended
attributes in an archive. This option also enables --no-acls and
--no-selinux if they haven't been set already.

-R, --record-number
show record number within archive with each message

--record-size SIZE
use SIZE bytes per record when accessing archives

--recursion
recurse into directories

--recursive-unlink
remove existing directories before extracting directories of the
same name

--remove-files
remove files after adding them to the archive

--rmt-command CMD
use CMD instead of the default /usr/sbin/rmt

--rsh-command CMD
use remote CMD instead of rsh(1)

-s, --same-order, --preserve-order
list of names to extract is sorted to match archive

-S, --sparse
handle sparse files efficiently

--same-owner
create extracted files with the same ownership

--show-defaults
display the default options used by tar

--show-omitted-dirs
print directories tar skips while operating on an archive

--strip-components NUMBER, --strip-path NUMBER
strip NUMBER of leading components from file names before
extraction

(1) tar-1.14 uses --strip-path, tar-1.14.90+ uses --strip-compo-
nents

--suffix SUFFIX
use SUFFIX instead of default '~' when backing up files

-T, --files-from F
get names to extract or create from file F

--totals
print total bytes written with --create

-U, --unlink-first
remove existing files before extracting files of the same name

--use-compress-program PROG
access the archive through PROG which is generally a compression
program

--utc display file modification dates in UTC

-v, --verbose
verbosely list files processed

-V, --label NAME
create archive with volume name NAME

--version
print tar program version number

--volno-file F
keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive its working
in FILE; used with --multi-volume

-w, --interactive, --confirmation
ask for confirmation for every action

-W, --verify
attempt to verify the archive after writing it

--wildcards
use wildcards with --exclude

--wildcards-match-slash
wildcards match slashes (/) with --exclude

--exclude PATTERN
exclude files based upon PATTERN

-X, --exclude-from FILE
exclude files listed in FILE

-Z, --compress, --uncompress
filter the archive through compress

-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
filter the archive through gzip

--use-compress-program PROG
filter the archive through PROG (which must accept -d)

-[0-7][lmh]
specify drive and density

BUGS
The GNU folks, in general, abhor man pages, and create info documents
instead. The maintainer of tar falls into this category. Thus this
man page may not be complete, nor current, and was included in the Red
Hat CVS tree because man is a great tool :). This man page was first
taken from Debian Linux and has since been loving updated here.

REPORTING BUGS
Please report bugs via https://bugzilla.redhat.com

SEE ALSO
The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If
the info and tar programs are properly installed at your site, the com-
mand

info tar

should give you access to the complete manual.

AUTHORS
Debian Linux http://www.debian.org/
Mike Frysinger <[e-mail]>

GNU Oct 2004 TAR(1) 参考技术A 这个命令如何使用：
tar cvvf a.tar xx/
意思是把xx文件夹及其内容打包成名为a.tar的文件

打包后的文件默认放在当前目录，也就是你所在的目录 参考技术B 基本命令为：tar cvf tar包名 目录

像你的这个问题其实网上搜一下一大堆，学习linux最主要是自己动手做试验，你问的问题完全可以动手试一下，这样最能记住。
还有记得要善用man命令。 参考技术C http://baike.baidu.com/view/209679.htm

打包时可以指定路径的

菜鸟进阶Linux高手之路——第五天（下）

/mnt：额外的临时文件系统

/opt：可选目录，第三方程序的安装目录

/proc：伪文件系统，内核映射文件（系统调优重点）

/sys：伪文件系统，跟硬件设备相关的属性映射。（硬盘）

/tmp：临时文件→/var/tmp

/bin：binary，可执行文件，用户命令

/sbin：管理命令

/usr：shared read-only，全局共享只读文件。

  /usr/local

      /usr/local/bin

      /usr/local/sbin    〉这些目录，为第三方软件

      /usr/local/lib 

Linux命名规则

1. 长度不能超过255个字符     

2. 不能使用/当文件名

3. 严格区分大小写

相对路径：相对于当前位置

绝对路径：从根目录找

目录管理：

  1.ls

  2.cd

  3.pwd

mkdir：创建空目录

  tree：查看目录树

   -p：/m/n/z ，一起创建

   -v：verbose，详细过程

/mnt/test/x/m，y

       方法1,： mkdir -pv /mnt/test2/x/m，/mnt/test2/x/Y

       简化：mkdir -pv /mnt/test2/{x/m，y}

                                      ↓

                                   花括号展开

删除目录：rmdir（remove directory）

↓

删除空目录：-p，适用于删除单线目录，/x/y/z

文件创建和删除

   touch

  -a   -t  -m  -c

#stat  查看相关属性

创建文件，可以使用文件编辑器。（nano）

  ASCII:美国标准信息交换代码

删除文件：rm

      -i  \rm，不提示

      -f，强行删除

      -r，递归删除目录下的所有文件

 

本文出自 “12427174” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://12437174.blog.51cto.com/12427174/1886856