mysql 主从同步-读写分离
Posted 北极菜鸟
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一、 实验环境
Master centos 7.3 192.168.138.13
Slave centos 7.3 192.168.138.14
二、在master操作
- 安装并配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1 //必须唯一
log-bin=mysql-bin //开启binlog日志
character-set-server=utf8 //设置字符集
2.启动mysql
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb
3. 授权root用户
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to [email protected]‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to [email protected]‘%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
4． 刷新权限表
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges
5.查看master状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 521 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
注意：如果主库中已存在数据，则需要备份拷到从库保持数据一致性
1.锁定数据表，避免在备份过程中，表被更新
mysql>LOCK TABLES tbl_name READ;
为表增加一个写锁定：
mysql>LOCK TABLES tbl_name WRITE;
解锁 ： mysql>UNLOCK TABLES;
2.备份数据
方法一
Mysqldump -uroot -p –B db1 –T tb1 | gzip > /mysqlbackup/tb1.sql.gz
方法二
直接备份datadir=/var/lib/mysql
三、 在slave上操作
- 安装并配置/etc/my,cnf
[[email protected] ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1 //必须唯一
character-set-server=utf8 //设置字符集
2. 启动mysql
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb
3. 配置同步参数
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
master_host=‘192.168.138.13‘,
master_user=‘root‘,
master_password=‘123456‘,
master_port=3306,
master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000003‘,
master_log_pos=521;
4. 启动主从同步进程
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
5. 检查状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.138.13
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 521
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
看到两个yes说明配置成功
四、 测试
1.在slave上查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 在master创建数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database testdb1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
3. 在slave查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| testdb1 |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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