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PROCESSES: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28320/initparams188.htm#sthref560
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SESSIONS: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28320/initparams220.htm#sthref647
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TRANSACTIONS: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28320/initparams248.htm
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Oracle 11gR2之前:sessions=(1.1*processes) + 5
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Oracle 11gR2之后:sessions=(1.5*porcesses) + 22
当Oracle需要启动新的process而又已经达到processes参数时,就会报错:
00020, 00000, "maximum number of processes (%s) exceeded"
// *Cause: All process state objects are in use.
// *Action: Increase the value of the PROCESSES initialization parameter.
当数据库连接的并发用户已经达到sessions这个值时,又有新session连进来,就会报错
00018, 00000, "maximum number of sessions exceeded"
// *Cause: All session state objects are in use.
// *Action: Increase the value of the SESSIONS initialization parameter.
如何使用sqlplus查看、修改processes呢?使用sys,以sysdba权限登录:
show parameter processes; --显示:processes integer 150
show parameter sessions; --显示:sessions integer 165
select count(*) from v$process; --显示当前processes数目
select count(*) from v$session; --显示当前sessions数目
alter system set processes=400 scope = spfile; --显示系统已更改
show parameter processes; --显示:processes integer 150
create pfile from spfile; --显示:文件已创建。
--重启数据库
shutdown immediate;
startup
--重启监听
lsnrctl stop/start/status
show parameter processes; --显示:processes integer 400
show parameter session; --显示:sessions integer 445