07_MySQL DQL_多表查询_等值内连接

Posted 2020-10-15 shayzhang

#6：连接查询
/*
含义：多表查询，当查询的字段来自多个表

笛卡尔积: 表1,m行；表2,n行； 表1,表2 = m*n行
发生原因：表1的每行和表2的n行拼接，形成n行，最终得到m*n行
如何避免：增加连接条件

连接查询的分类：
按年代分类：
sql92标准【mysql只支持该标准的内连接，一部分外连接】
sql99标准【推荐】mysql支持内连接 外连接(左右连接） 交叉连接

按功能分类：
内连接
　　等值连接
　　非等值连接
　　自连接
外连接
　　左连接
　　右连接
　　全连接
交叉连接
*/
USE girls;

# 笛卡尔积现象
SELECT * FROM beauty,boys;

# 增加连接条件
SELECT NAME,boyName
FROM beauty,boys
WHERE beauty.`boyfriend_id` = boys.`id`;

# 一、sql92标准
# 1、内连接-等值连接
/*
n表连接，需要至少n-1个条件
表的顺序没有要求
一般需要给表起别名
可以搭配所有子句使用，比如：筛选，分组，排序
*/
# 案例1： 查询女神名和对应的男神名
SELECT NAME,boyName
FROM beauty,boys
WHERE beauty.`boyfriend_id` = boys.`id`;

USE myemployees;
# 案例2： 查询员工名和对应的部门名
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees,departments
WHERE employees.`department_id` = departments.`department_id`;

# 2、给表起别名
/*
区分多个重名的字段
提高语句简洁
注意：如果给表起了别名，原始表在该SQL中就不再生效
*/

# 案例3：查询员工号，工种号，工种名
SELECT employee_id, e.job_id, job_title
FROM employees AS e,jobs AS j
WHERE e.`job_id` = j.`job_id`;

# 3、两个表的顺序是否可以调整

# 案例3：查询员工号，工种号，工种名
SELECT employee_id, e.job_id, job_title
FROM jobs AS j,employees AS e
WHERE e.`job_id` = j.`job_id`;

# 4、带筛选条件的等值内连接查询

# 案例：查询有奖金的员工名，部门名
SELECT last_name, department_name, commission_pct
FROM employees AS e, departments AS d
WHERE e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`
AND e.`commission_pct` IS NOT NULL ;

# 案例：查询所在城市名第二个字符为o的部门名和城市名
SELECT department_name,city
FROM departments AS d,locations AS l
WHERE d.`location_id` = l.`location_id`
AND l.`city` LIKE ‘_o%‘;

# 5、带分组的等值内连接查询

# 案例：查询每个城市的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*), d.location_id, city
FROM departments AS d, locations AS l
WHERE d.`location_id` = l.`location_id`
GROUP BY d.`location_id`;

# 案例：查询有奖金的每个部门的部门名，领导编号，该部门的最低工资
SELECT department_name,e.manager_id,MIN(salary)
FROM departments AS d, employees AS e
WHERE d.`department_id` = e.`department_id`
AND commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY d.`department_id`;

# 6、带排序的等值内连接查询

# 案例：查询每个工种的工种名，员工个数，并按员工个数降序排序
SELECT job_title, COUNT(*) AS 员工个数
FROM jobs AS j, employees AS e
WHERE j.`job_id` = e.`job_id`
GROUP BY j.`job_id`
ORDER BY 员工个数 DESC;

# 7、三表连接
# 案例：查询员工名，部门名，所在城市
SELECT last_name, department_name, city
FROM employees AS e, departments AS d, locations AS l
WHERE e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`
AND d.`location_id` = l.`location_id`;