linux-mysql

Posted 2020-10-15

#1.安装#################

[[email protected] ~]# yum install mariadb-server-y  ##安装

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb   ##开启

#2.安全初始化###################

*）默认情况下，数据库的网络接口是打开的

    为了安全，需要关闭此接口

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

*)数据库起始状态设定信息是不安全的，需要做以下设定：

Enter current password for root (enter fornone):   ##按回车

Set root password? [Y/n] y

New password:               ##设定密码

Re-enter new password:

Password updated successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

 ...Success!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p   ##登录

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat  ##也可这样登录（不建议）

#3.密码的管理###############

*)修改密码

[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -predhatpassword lee   ##改密码为lee

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -plee        ##登录测试是否更改成功

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 14

Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB MariaDBServer

*)当超级用户密码忘记时

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop mariadb   ##关闭

[[email protected] ~]# mysqld_safe--skip-grant-tables &  ##跳过密码验证

[1] 3988

MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user setPassword=password(‘redhat‘) where User=‘root‘           ##更新用户密码

   -> ;

[[email protected] ~]# ps aux | grep mysql

kill -9 mysql的所有进程id   ##杀掉进程

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb  ##开启

##测试

#4.数据库的管理###############

*）建立

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 2

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;   ##列出库

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE westos; ##建立库

MariaDB [(none)]> USE westos;   ##进入库

MariaDB [westos]> CREATE TABLE linux(   ##建立表

   -> username varchar(50) not null,  （不可为空）

   -> password varchar(50) not null

   -> );

MariaDB [westos]> DESC linux;    ##查看表结构

MariaDB [westos]> INSERT INTO linuxVALUES (‘lee‘,‘123‘);  ##插入数据到linux表中

MariaDB [westos]> SELECT * FROM linux;  ##查询所有字段在linux表中

+----------+----------+

| username | password |

+----------+----------+

| lee     | 123      |

+----------+----------+

MariaDB [westos]> SELECT USERNAME FROMlinux;  ##查询指定字段在linux表中

MariaDB [westos]> SELECT USERNAME,PASSWORD FROM linux; ##逗号隔开指定字段

MariaDB [westos]> INSERT INTO linuxVALUES (‘tom‘,‘123‘);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

 *）更改

MariaDB [westos]> SELECTUSERNAME,PASSWORD FROM linux;

+----------+----------+

| USERNAME | PASSWORD |

+----------+----------+

| lee     | 123      |

| tom     | 123      |

+----------+----------+

MariaDB [westos]> UPDATE linux SETpassword=password(‘tom‘) where username=‘tom‘                ##更改tom密码（加密）

MariaDB [westos]> SELECTUSERNAME,PASSWORD FROM linux;

-+-------------------------------------------+

| USERNAME | PASSWORD                                  |

+----------+-------------------------------------------+

| lee     | 123                                       |

| tom     | *71FF744436C7EA1B954F6276121DB5D2BF68FC07 |

+----------+-------------------------------------------+

MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linux ADDclass varchar(20);  ##添加class 字段

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)              

Records: 2 Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

MariaDB [westos]> SELECT * FROM linux;

+----------+-------------------------------------------+-------+

| username | password                                  | class |

+----------+-------------------------------------------+-------+

| lee     | 123                                       |NULL  |

| tom     | *71FF744436C7EA1B954F6276121DB5D2BF68FC07 | NULL  |

+----------+-------------------------------------------+-------+

MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linux DROPCLASS;  ##删除字段

MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linux ADDage varchar(20) AFTER username;  ##在指定位置加入字段

MariaDB [westos]> SELECT * FROM linux;

+----------+------+-------------------------------------------+

| username | age  | password                                  |

+----------+------+-------------------------------------------+

| lee     | NULL | 123                                       |

| tom     | NULL | *71FF744436C7EA1B954F6276121DB5D2BF68FC07 |

+----------+------+-------------------------------------------+

MariaDB [westos]> ALTER TABLE linuxRENAME redhat;  ##更改表名为redhat

*)删除

MariaDB [westos]> DELETE FROM linuxwhere username=‘lee‘;   ##删除表中lee内容

MariaDB [westos]> DELETE FROM linuxwhere username=‘tom‘; ##删除表中tom内容  

MariaDB [westos]> DROP TABLE linux;             ##删除表linux

MariaDB [westos]> DROP DATABASEwestos;  ##删除库

*）.用户授权

MariaDB [westos]> CREATE [email protected]‘localhost‘ identified by ‘westos‘;  ##建立授权用户身份

MariaDB [westos]> GRANT SELECT,INSERT onwestos.* TO [email protected];     ##授权

MariaDB [westos]> SHOW GRANTS [email protected];                         ##查看授权

MariaDB [westos]> REVOKE INSERT ONwestos.* FROM [email protected];       ##撤销授权

5.数据库的备份##############

mysqldump -uroot -pwestos westos >/mnt/westos.sql   ##备份westos数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pwestos westos--no-datacd               ##不备份数据

mysqldump -uroot -pwestos--all-database                        ##备份所有数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pwestos --all-database--no-data       ##备份所有数据库框架

恢复方式1

mysql -uroot -pwestos -e "CREATE DATABASE westos;"

mysql -uroot -pwestos westos < /mnt/westos.sql

恢复方式2

vim /mnt/westos.sql

CREATE ADTABASE westos;

USE westos;

mysql -uroot -pwestos < /mnt/westos.sql

6.安装phpmyadmin##########

上传：

[[email protected] ~]# yum install php php-mysql -y

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[[email protected] html]# tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[[email protected] html]# ls

admin      index.php                               test        virtual

cgi        phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages         test.html

index.html phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 tmprequest

[[email protected] html]# cd mysqladmin

[[email protected] mysqladmin]# cpconfig.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

[[email protected] mysqladmin]# vim config.inc.php

 17$cfg[‘blowfish_secret‘] = ‘ba17c1ec07d65003‘; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FORC    OOKIE AUTH! */

效果：

[[email protected] html]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip

 

[[email protected] html]# ls

admin                   index.html  readme     tmprequest  virtual

cgi                      index.php   test      upload

Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip  mysqladmin test.html  utility

[[email protected] html]# chmod 777 upload/ -R    ##加权限

[[email protected] html]# getenforce

Enforcing

[[email protected] html]# setenforce 0   ##调为警告模式