mysql数据库主从配置

Posted 2020-10-14 yes5144

mysql主从,keepalived

本次实验 需要3台centos6.5
192.168.204.139 #【主】mysql
192.168.204.138 #【从】mysql

192.168.294.129 #lamp 网站

请关闭3台机器的防火墙，和SELinux

# 关闭防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig --list |grep iptables

# 关闭SELinux
sed -i /SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/g /etc/selinux/config

==================================================

# 配置mysql【主】服务器192.168.204.139

yum install mysql-server mysql -y

备份mysql配置文件
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_bak20170915

# 修改/etc/my.cnf如下：
------------------------------------------
[mysqld]

datadir = /data/mydata
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2

[mysqld_safe]
log_error=/var/log/mysqld.err
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
replicate-do-db=all

------------------------------------------
创建/data/mysql 数据目录，
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

# 重启mysql即可，
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

******如果重启mysql失败，请查看SELinux是否关闭******

mysql默认没有密码，命令行输入mysql即可进入数据库

# 在【主】服务器上设置权限，执行如下命令：
> grant replication slave on *.* to tongbu@\'%\' identified by \'123123\';
> flush privileges;

> show master status;
此处应该有【配图】

---

 

# 配置mysql从【从】服务器 192.168.204.138

yum install mysql-server mysql -y

mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

vim /etc/my.cnf
------------------------------------------
[mysqld]
datadir = /data/mydata
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
#
server-id=2
auto_increment_offset=2
#
auto_increment_increment=2

[mysqld_safe]
log_error=/var/log/mysqld.err
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#
master-host = 192.168.204.139
master-user = tongbu
master-pass = 123123
master-port = 3306
master-connect-retry = 60
#
replicate-do-db=all

------------------------------------------

重启mysql数据库

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

******如果重启mysql失败，请查看SELinux是否关闭******

然后 【从】服务器上 指定master IP 和同步的pos 点；
> change master to master_host=\'192.168.204.139\', master_user=\'tongbu\', master_password=\'123123\', master_log_file=\'mysql-bin.000003\', master_log_pos=415;
> slave start;
> show slave status\\G;

 

# 如果 Slave_IO_Running: Yes, Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

==================================================

****** vim 常用命令 ******

# 命令行模式

:%d　　#清空文件内容
:%s/wk/wkui/g #g 全部替换
:%s/My/ my/g #替换
:%s/My/& /g #My 后面加了一个空格
:%s/^/& /g #开头加个空格
:%s/$/& /g #结尾加个空格

==================================================

---

 

###另外配置 lamp，192.168.204.129

yum install httpd httpd-devel php php-mysql php-devel mysql-server mysql mysql-devel -y

# 关闭【防火墙】和【SELinux】
chkconfig --del iptables
/etc/init.d/iptables stop

sed -i /SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/g /etc/selinux/config

# 默认的网站发布目录/var/www/html

cd /root/
wget http://download.comsenz.com/DiscuzX/3.2/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip

# 解压discuz 程序包：
unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip -d /var/www/html/discuz
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/discuz.conf  # httpd 默认会读取conf.d 目录下的文件

输入如下内容： 如果你是httpd-2.4 版本，还要输入《Directory……》

------------------------------------

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/discuz/upload/
</VirtualHost>

------------------------------------
重启httpd

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

# 访问ip 开始安装discuz 论坛

啊哈，好多红XXX   文件权限不够啦

chmod -R 777 /var/www/html/discuz/upload/    # 这是图省事，才全部777的，实际生产中切不可这样，否则后果自负

---

 

***** 在192.168.204.139【主】mysql 新建数据库 *****
> create database discuz charset=utf8;
> grant all on discuz.* to discuz@\'192.168.204.129\' identified by \'123123\';

安装discuz 时指定用192.168.204.139 的数据库discuz，【配图】

安装完毕查看【从】mysql：192.168.204.138，是否有discuz数据库【配图】

# 看看discuz 的配置信息
/var/www/html/upload/config/config_global.php
/var/www/html/upload/config/config_ucenter.php

==================================================

关闭【主】mysql，再次访问网站，网站还是挂了

 

---

 

虽然做了主从了，但是一旦主mysql 挂了，网站照样不可以访问，你就只能哈哈了，

如何才能不受影响呢，那就是keepalived，高可用，yeah

# keepalived + mysql 主从
http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.1.tar.gz

tar xf keepalived-1.2.1.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.1
./configure --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.6.3.el6.x86_64/ && make && make install

# make 时候报错了，yum install popt popt-devel -y

cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

# 修改【主】服务器上的 keepalived.conf 配置文件，
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

------------------------------------------
!Configuration File For keepalived

global_defs {
notification_email {
[e-mail]
}

notification_email_from [e-mail]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

# VIP1

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
virtual_router_id 151
priority 100
advert_int 5
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 2222
}

virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.204.150
}

}

virtual_server 192.168.204.150 3306 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 60
protocol TCP

#
real_server 192.168.204.139 3306 {
#
weight 100
notify_down /data/sh/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306

}
}
}

------------------------------------------

MySQL【从】服务器配置 keepalived.conf 和master 一样，
但是需要修改三处：
1、把 Realserver IP修改为 real_server 192.168.204.138；
2、优先级从 priority 100 给为 90；
3、级别 state MASTER 改为 BACKUP

在 master、slave 数据库上创建/data/sh/mysql.sh 脚本，内容为：
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop

# 上面的命令会在mysql服务停止后，停止keepalived服务

然后分别重启两台数据库上的keepalived 服务即可。

最后测试停止master MySQL 服务，是否会自动切换到 Backup 上。

mysql 优化还可以进行读写分离、mysql+DRBD、拆分表等等优化。继续研究吧！

==================================================

****** 一些问题 ******

# 你的机器可能缺少 ip_vs 模块
# 挂载ip_vs
modprobe ip_vs

lsmod |grep ip_vs

/etc/init.d/keepalived restart

# 远程复制【主】mysql 的keepalived 配置文件
scp -r keepalived.conf root@192.168.204.138:/etc/keepalived/

启动keepalived，

/etc/init.d/keepalived start

查看机器ip地址，你会发现一个新 IP:192.168.204.150

 

为【主】mysql数据库，添加新用户bbs

==================================================

***** keepalived + mysql主从 *****

远程192.168.204.129，操作如下：
# 重新部署 网站discuz，输入虚拟ip 192.168.204.150

 

# 部署成功后，新注册两个用户

登录用户

# 停止【主】mysql，刷新网站看看是否正常？？？