mysql多实例-主从复制安装

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安装环境:Centos6.5

mysql版本:mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz

一:安装前准备:

1.安装一些依赖库

yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel bison perl zilb-devel libio-devel perl-devel -y

2.创建mysql用户与用户组

[root@oracle ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@oracle ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@oracle ~]# id mysql
uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) 组=501(mysql)

3.创建mysql数据存放目录,设定安装两个实例3306,3307

[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data
[root@oracle ~]# tree /data
/data
├── 3306
│   └── data
└── 3307
    └── data

4.编译安装

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz 
cd mysql
-5.5.32 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DDEFAULT-CHARSET=utf8 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql make make install

5.分别复制my.cnf配置文件和mysql启动脚本到/data/3306和3307下

[root@oracle support-files]# cp my-huge.cnf /data/3306/my.cnf
[root@oracle support-files]# cp my-huge.cnf /data/3307/my.cnf
[root@oracle support-files]# cp mysql.server /data/3306/mysql
[root@oracle support-files]# cp mysql.server /data/3307/mysql

6.修改/data目录属主

[root@oracle ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data

7.修改3306,3307实例的配置文件

以3306实例为例,3307修改相应位置内容
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password
= your_password port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 384M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size = 32M # Try number of CPU\'s*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 8 datadir=/data/3306/data
.......略过一段..........

  log-bin=mysql-bin     #开启二进制日志 ,从服务器不需要开启二进制日志,3307实例注释掉这行

  server-id = 1         #实例的server-id不能相同,可以设置3307的server-id = 2 

my.cnf文件末尾添加 [mysqld_safe]段,定义每个实例的错误日志文件,pid进程位置等

   [mysqld_safe]

   log-error=/data/3306/3306.err
   pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

8,修改3306,3307实例的启动脚本文件内容

1.找到basedir=和datadir=两行,在后面加上mysql的安装目录路径和数据存放路径
basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/3306/data

2.定位到283行:

$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &

改为:

$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir/my.cnf" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &

 

3307实例也修改对应位置

9.给3306,3307的启动脚本执行权限

[root@oracle 3306]# chmod 755 mysql 
[root@oracle 3307]# chmod 755 mysql 

10.初始化数据库

[root@oracle ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/
[root@oracle scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/3306/data
[root@oracle scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/3307/data
到数据存放目录查看一下

[root@oracle ~]# cd /data/3306/data/      #同样查看3307
[root@oracle data]# ls
mysql performance_schema test
[root@oracle data]#

11.启动mysql

启动3306实例

[root@oracle ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
[1] 6083

查看一下
[root@oracle ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6372/mysqld
启动3307实例

[root@oracle ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
[2] 6393
[root@oracle ~]# netstat -tnlp | grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6670/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6372/mysqld
启动成功。

再看一下/data目录下

12.给数据库设置密码提示错误 -bash: mysqladmin: command not found

[root@oracle 3306]# mysqladmin
-bash: mysqladmin: command not found
[root@oracle 3306]# 

执行指令系统默认是到 /usr/sbin 下寻找调用指令的,将/usr/local/mysql/bin/ 下的几个常用管理命令创建软连接到/usr/sbin下,以后使用mysql指令就不需要用绝对路径了

[root@oracle 3306]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/sbin/
[root@oracle 3306]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/sbin/
[root@oracle 3306]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/

设置密码

[root@oracle 3306]# mysqladmin -u root password root123 -s /data/3306/mysql.scok
[root@oracle 3306]# mysqladmin -u root password root123 -s /data/3307/mysql.scok

登录数据库出现错误,登录被拒绝。

[root@oracle 3306]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user \'root\'@\'localhost\' (using password: YES)
登录被拒绝...这个让我郁闷了一会...
先跳过权限表登录,再修改密码

  mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --skip-grant-table &

  再登录

  mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

[root@oracle 3306]# mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select user,password,host from mysql.user;
+------+----------+-----------+
| user | password | host |
+------+----------+-----------+
| root | | localhost |
| root | | oracle |
| root | | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | | ::1 |
| | | localhost |
| | | oracle |
+------+----------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.03 sec)

(郁闷:前面设置的密码这里查询怎么是为空呢。。。。)

先删除user名称为空的用户

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> delete from user where user=\'\';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.03 sec)

修改密码

mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD(\'root123456\') where user = \'root\';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0

退出后重启一下服务,登录成功(几乎每次刚安装好后登录都会遇到这个问题。。。)

这里总结一下多实例的启动,关闭,登录的指令:
启动指令:mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
关闭指令:mysqladmin -S /data/3306/mysql.sock shutdown (有密码要指定-u , -p选项)
登录指令:mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
指定实例登录跳过权限表:
跳过权限:mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables
跳过权限登录:mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

//////////////////////////////////////***************************//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

同理,3307实例也遇到了登录问题,使用同样的方式解决即可。下面开始进行主从复制配置。

主库端的配置:

1.主库中添加一个用于主从之间通信的用户并授权

mysql> grant file on *.* to \'backup\'@\'192.168.%.%\' identified by \'root123456\';

  mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to \'backup\'@\'192.168.%.%\' identified by \'root123456\';

2.检查一下主库二进制是否开启了

mysql> show variables like \'log_bin\';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin       | ON    |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
再查看当前二进制记录信息

  mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 410 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

从库端配置

在从库执行master change to 配置主从库连接参数(忘记指令可以在mysql中执行help master change to查看)
mysql> use mysql;

mysql> change master to \\

-> master_host=\'192.168.214.133\'\\
-> master_user=\'backup\'\\
-> master_password=\'root123456\'\\
-> master_log_file=\'mysql-bin.000004\'\\
-> master_log_pos=410;

启动从库slave

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

查看slave是不是启动正常了

mysql> show slave status\\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.214.133
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 410
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes       
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 410
Relay_Log_Space: 410
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

接下来,在主库中创建一个数据库,测试主从复制功能。

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_demo |
+----------------+
| test           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc test;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into test values (\'344\',\'testname\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.36 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
| 344  | testname |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.44 sec)

mysql

再看从库同步的信息

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| demo               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from demo.test;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
| 344  | testname |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

可以看到主从库信息同步也正常。

 在有些情况下,从库不需要同步主库的所有数据库,有时只需要同步主库里的指定的数据库,那么在从库的my.cnf中添加 replicate-do-db=dbname 指定要同步的库名称即可。

这个问题可以参考 http://blog.csdn.net/goustzhu/article/details/9339621 文章。

或者 http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-1187327-1-1.html

 

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