Oracle Single-Row Functions(单行函数)——NULL-Related Functions
Posted Zoe`
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了Oracle Single-Row Functions(单行函数)——NULL-Related Functions相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
参考资料:http://docs.oracle.com/database/122/SQLRF/Functions.htm#SQLRF006
Single-row functions return a single result row for every row of a queried table or view. These functions can appear in select lists, WHERE
clauses, START
WITH
and CONNECT
BY
clauses, and HAVING
clauses.
单行函数返回查询表或视图的每一行的单一结果行。单行函数可以出现在SELECT列中,WHERE子句,START WITH 和CONNECT BY子句以及HAVING子句中。
NULL-Related Functions:
The NULL-related functions facilitate null handling.
The NULL
-related functions are:
NVL:
语法: NVL(expr1,expr2)
功能:
NVL
lets you replace null (returned as a blank) with a string in the results of a query. If expr1
is null, then NVL
returns expr2
. If expr1
is not null, then NVL
returns expr1
.
说明:
1.The arguments expr1
and expr2
can have any data type.
参数expr1和expr2可以是任何数据类型。
2. If their data types are different, then Oracle Database implicitly converts one to the other.
如果俩参数数据类型不同,oracle数据库将进行隐式转换。
3.If they cannot be converted implicitly, then the database returns an error.
如果俩参数不能进行隐式转换,数据库将返回一个error。
4.The implicit conversion is implemented as follows:(隐式转换如下)
1>.If expr1
is character data, then Oracle Database converts expr2
to the data type of expr1
before comparing them and returns VARCHAR2
in the character set of expr1
.
如果expr1是字符数据,则数据库会将expr2转换为expr1的数据类型,并返回expr1的字符集中的VARCHAR2。
2>.If expr1
is numeric, then Oracle Database determines which argument has the highest numeric precedence, implicitly converts the other argument to that data type, and returns that data type.
如果expr1是数字,则Oracle数据库确定哪个参数具有最高的数字优先级,将另一个参数隐式转换为该数据类型,并返回该数据类型。
用途:
最主要的是格式化数据,比如涉及到数字的,不想出现空数据时,可用nvl(num,0)来得到0。由于 null+[或-,*,/]数字 等于null,所以在表达式中对可能为空的值要使用nvl。
NVL2:
语法: NVL2(expr1,expr2,expr3)
功能:
NVL2
lets you determine the value returned by a query based on whether a specified expression is null or not null. If expr1
is not null, then NVL2
returns expr2
. If expr1
is null, then NVL2
returns expr3
.
说明:
1.The argument expr1
can have any data type. The arguments expr2
and expr3
can have any data types except LONG
.
参数expr1可以是任何数据类型,参数expr2和expr3可以是除了LONG类型外的任何数据类型。
2.If the data types of expr2
and expr3
are different, then Oracle Database implicitly converts one to the other.
如果参数expr2和expr3是不同的数据类型,数据库将会隐式的将其中一个转换为另一个。
3.If they cannot be converted implicitly, then the database returns an error.
如果俩参数不能进行隐式转换,数据库将返回一个error。
4.If expr2
is character or numeric data, then the implicit conversion is implemented as follows:
(如果expr2是字符或是数字数据,则隐式转换如下实现)
1>.If expr2
is character data, then Oracle Database converts expr3
to the data type of expr2
before returning a value unless expr3
is a null constant. In that case, a data type conversion is not necessary, and the database returns VARCHAR2
in the character set of expr2
.
如果expr2是字符数据,数据库会将expr3(null除外)转换为expr2的数据类型。如果expr3为空常量,则不需要进行数据类型转换,数据库会返回expr2的字符集中的VARCHAR2。
2>.If expr2
is numeric data, then Oracle Database determines which argument has the highest numeric precedence, implicitly converts the other argument to that data type, and returns that data type.
如果expr2是数字数据,那么Oracle数据库将确定哪个参数具有最高的数字优先级,将另一个参数隐式转换为该数据类型,并返回该数据类型。
NULLIF:
语法: NULLIF(expr1,expr2)
功能: NULLIF
compares expr1
and expr2
. If they are equal, then the function returns null. If they are not equal, then the function returns expr1
. You cannot specify the literal NULL
for expr1
.
说明:
If both arguments are numeric data types, then Oracle Database determines the argument with the higher numeric precedence, implicitly converts the other argument to that data type, and returns that data type. If the arguments are not numeric, then they must be of the same data type, or Oracle returns an error.
如果俩参数是数字数据类型,则Oracle数据库将确定具有较高数字优先级的参数,将另一个参数隐式转换为该数据类型,并返回该数据类型。 如果参数不是数字,则它们必须是相同的数据类型,否则Oracle返回一个error。
The NULLIF
function is logically equivalent to the following CASE
expression:
CASE WHEN expr1 = expr2 THEN NULL ELSE expr1 END
LNNVL:
语法: LNNVL(condition)
功能: LNNVL
provides a concise way to evaluate a condition when one or both operands of the condition may be null.
The function can be used in the WHERE
clause of a query, or as the WHEN
condition in a searched CASE
expression.
It takes as an argument a condition and returns TRUE
if the condition is FALSE
or UNKNOWN
and FALSE
if the condition is TRUE
.
LNNVL
can be used anywhere a scalar expression can appear, even in contexts where the IS
[NOT
] NULL
, AND
, or OR
conditions are not valid but would otherwise be required to account for potential nulls.
Oracle Database sometimes uses the LNNVL
function internally in this way to rewrite NOT
IN
conditions as NOT
EXISTS
conditions.
In such cases, output from EXPLAIN
PLAN
shows this operation in the plan table output.
The condition
can evaluate any scalar values but cannot be a compound condition containing AND
, OR
, or BETWEEN
.
NANVL:
语法: NANVL(n2,n1)
功能:
The NANVL
function is useful only for floating-point numbers of type BINARY_FLOAT
or BINARY_DOUBLE
.
It instructs Oracle Database to return an alternative value n1
if the input value n2
is NaN
(not a number). If n2
is not NaN
, then Oracle returns n2
.
This function takes as arguments any numeric data type or any nonnumeric data type that can be implicitly converted to a numeric data type.
Oracle determines the argument with the highest numeric precedence, implicitly converts the remaining arguments to that data type, and returns that data type.
以上是关于Oracle Single-Row Functions(单行函数)——NULL-Related Functions的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output使用单行函数自定义输出
我写了一个SQL自定义函数,执行不成功,急!! 具体如下: GO CREATE FUNCTIO
text 保存自https://wpshout.com/learning-php-for-wordpress-development-introduction-to-php-functions/
text 保存自https://wpshout.com/learning-php-for-wordpress-development-introduction-to-php-functions/
text 保存自https://wpshout.com/learning-php-for-wordpress-development-introduction-to-php-functions/